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<p>This study demonstrates that an optimization based retrofit strategy can achieve up to a 61% reduction in energy consumption and an 88% improvement in occupants’ thermal comfort in educational buildings located in Mediterranean (Csa) climates. To achieve these outcomes, an integrated framework combining dynamic thermal simulations using TRNSYS with a multi-objective optimization approach is proposed. The methodology simultaneously targets energy efficiency, thermal comfort enhancement, and reductions in environmental and economic impacts. Twelve building envelope parameters were optimized, including the use of a bio-based insulation material derived from date palm fibers. The NSGA-II algorithm generated 123 Pareto-optimal retrofit solutions, from which the most balanced strategy was selected using the TOPSIS decision-making method. Sensitivity analysis reveals that insulation thickness and placement, as well as window-to-wall ratio and glazing type, play a decisive role in overall building performance.</p>

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Multi-objective optimization of sustainable classrooms

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Mhaijiba Belhous,
  • Soufiane Oukach,
  • Mustapha Boumhaout,
  • Jamila Elbrymy,
  • Hassan Hamdi

摘要

This study demonstrates that an optimization based retrofit strategy can achieve up to a 61% reduction in energy consumption and an 88% improvement in occupants’ thermal comfort in educational buildings located in Mediterranean (Csa) climates. To achieve these outcomes, an integrated framework combining dynamic thermal simulations using TRNSYS with a multi-objective optimization approach is proposed. The methodology simultaneously targets energy efficiency, thermal comfort enhancement, and reductions in environmental and economic impacts. Twelve building envelope parameters were optimized, including the use of a bio-based insulation material derived from date palm fibers. The NSGA-II algorithm generated 123 Pareto-optimal retrofit solutions, from which the most balanced strategy was selected using the TOPSIS decision-making method. Sensitivity analysis reveals that insulation thickness and placement, as well as window-to-wall ratio and glazing type, play a decisive role in overall building performance.