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Background <p>Low-magnitude high-frequency (LMHF) vibration has been suggested as an adjunct to orthodontic treatment to modulate inflammatory responses and potentially influence tooth movement. However, its effect on cytokine expression, particularly Interleukin-6 (IL-6), in gingival crevicular fluid remains unclear.</p> Methods <p>This exploratory pilot study included 9 participants randomly allocated to 3 groups (<i>n</i> = 3 per group): control (orthodontic treatment only), experimental group 1 (80&#xa0;Hz LMHF vibration), and experimental group 2 (130&#xa0;Hz LMHF vibration). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from six standardized sites per participant at baseline (T0) and after 7 days (T1). IL-6 mRNA expression was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and analyzed using the Livak and Schmittgen method (2⁻ΔΔCt), with normalization to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Non-parametric tests were employed due to the small sample size (<i>n</i> = 9) and the non-normal distribution of the data, as indicated by the normality tests.</p> Results <p>Both LMHF vibration groups demonstrated a reduction in IL-6 expression relative to baseline compared to the control group after 7 days. However, intergroup differences were not statistically significant.</p> Conclusion <p>Within the limitations of this pilot study, adjunctive LMHF vibration did not produce a statistically significant effect on IL-6 expression during early orthodontic tooth movement. Although a decreasing trend was observed, the findings are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution. Further large, well-designed studies are required to establish its potential role in orthodontics and oral health care.</p>

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Effect of Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment: a pilot study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • J. Priyanga,
  • D. Prabhu,
  • Amirtha Amirthasekar,
  • P. Mohanraj,
  • J. Ramana Ramya

摘要

Background

Low-magnitude high-frequency (LMHF) vibration has been suggested as an adjunct to orthodontic treatment to modulate inflammatory responses and potentially influence tooth movement. However, its effect on cytokine expression, particularly Interleukin-6 (IL-6), in gingival crevicular fluid remains unclear.

Methods

This exploratory pilot study included 9 participants randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 3 per group): control (orthodontic treatment only), experimental group 1 (80 Hz LMHF vibration), and experimental group 2 (130 Hz LMHF vibration). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from six standardized sites per participant at baseline (T0) and after 7 days (T1). IL-6 mRNA expression was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and analyzed using the Livak and Schmittgen method (2⁻ΔΔCt), with normalization to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Non-parametric tests were employed due to the small sample size (n = 9) and the non-normal distribution of the data, as indicated by the normality tests.

Results

Both LMHF vibration groups demonstrated a reduction in IL-6 expression relative to baseline compared to the control group after 7 days. However, intergroup differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this pilot study, adjunctive LMHF vibration did not produce a statistically significant effect on IL-6 expression during early orthodontic tooth movement. Although a decreasing trend was observed, the findings are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution. Further large, well-designed studies are required to establish its potential role in orthodontics and oral health care.