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<p>The demand for efficient terahertz (THz) antennas has increased due to their role in high-data-rate wireless communication, imaging, and sensing applications. This work presents a high-performance antenna (HPA) operating at 0.6328 THz, designed with a photonic-crystal substrate to suppress surface waves and improve radiation efficiency. The proposed structure is benchmarked against a reference patch antenna (RPA) under identical simulation settings. Comprehensive analysis, including reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency, is carried out using CST Microwave Studio.The results show that the HPA achieves a reflection coefficientof − 48.59 dB and a 10-dB bandwidth of 38.44&#xa0;GHz (0.625–0.645 THz), compared to − 44.25 dB and 35.28&#xa0;GHz for the RPA. The realized gain improves from 6.94 dBi to 8.92 dBi, with directivity measured at 8.86 dBi. Radiation efficiency is maintained above 95%, confirming minimal surface-wave losses. Radiation patterns in both E- and H-planes demonstrate stable boresight behavior, while the photonic-crystal design enhances impedance matching and bandwidth.Comparison with existing works highlights the superior gain and bandwidth of the proposed antenna, establishing it as a viable candidate for terahertz wireless systems. The study confirms that integrating photonic-crystal structures with conventional patch designs significantly enhances performance, offering a practical approach for next-generation THz applications.</p>

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Photonic crystal-based hexagonal patch antenna for enhanced terahertz communication applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • A. Sridevi,
  • J. Samuel Manoharan,
  • A. Sathiya,
  • S. Nivishna

摘要

The demand for efficient terahertz (THz) antennas has increased due to their role in high-data-rate wireless communication, imaging, and sensing applications. This work presents a high-performance antenna (HPA) operating at 0.6328 THz, designed with a photonic-crystal substrate to suppress surface waves and improve radiation efficiency. The proposed structure is benchmarked against a reference patch antenna (RPA) under identical simulation settings. Comprehensive analysis, including reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency, is carried out using CST Microwave Studio.The results show that the HPA achieves a reflection coefficientof − 48.59 dB and a 10-dB bandwidth of 38.44 GHz (0.625–0.645 THz), compared to − 44.25 dB and 35.28 GHz for the RPA. The realized gain improves from 6.94 dBi to 8.92 dBi, with directivity measured at 8.86 dBi. Radiation efficiency is maintained above 95%, confirming minimal surface-wave losses. Radiation patterns in both E- and H-planes demonstrate stable boresight behavior, while the photonic-crystal design enhances impedance matching and bandwidth.Comparison with existing works highlights the superior gain and bandwidth of the proposed antenna, establishing it as a viable candidate for terahertz wireless systems. The study confirms that integrating photonic-crystal structures with conventional patch designs significantly enhances performance, offering a practical approach for next-generation THz applications.