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<p>This study evaluates the effect of steam-assisted pretreatment of <i>Bougainvillea</i> biomass on bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) utilizing reverse osmosis (RO) reject water as the electrolyte. <i>Bougainvillea</i>, an underutilized lignocellulosic ornamental plant waste, is naturally resistant to microbial degradation due to its high lignin content.<!--Query ID="Q1" Text="Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle nameinitial, family name). Author 5 Given name: [Manoj Kumar] Last name [Tiwari]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct." Resolved="yes"--> To enhance its biodegradability, the biomass was steam-treated at 121&#xa0;°C and 15 psi for 30&#xa0;min, resulting in increased porosity and improved microbial accessibility. Both untreated and pretreated biomass were tested as substrates in dual-chamber MFCs inoculated with a pure <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa</i>), with RO reject water (total dissolved solids (TDS)—655 ± 23&#xa0;mg/L) serving as the catholyte. Electrochemical characterization through cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy revealed enhanced redox activity and significantly reduced internal resistance in the system fed with steam-treated biomass. This setup achieved a peak power density of 275 mW/m<sup>2</sup> and reduced TDS to ~ 200&#xa0;mg/L within five days. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy analyses confirmed structural degradation of the lignocellulosic matrix. Moreover, the release of reducing sugars peaked at 215&#xa0;mg/g, indicating enhanced substrate bioavailability. These findings demonstrate that steam pretreatment is an effective, low-cost strategy to improve both energy recovery and TDS wastewater remediation in MFCs, promoting a sustainable approach to biomass valorization and environmental management.<!--Query ID="Q2" Text="Journal instruction requires a city for affiliations; however, these are missing in affiliation 2. Please verify if the provided city is correct and amend if necessary." Resolved="yes"--></p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Steam pretreatment of Bougainvillea biomass for enhanced bioelectricity generation and TDS reduction in microbial fuel cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Kumar Sonu,
  • Monika Sogani,
  • Karishma Maheshwari,
  • Zainab Syed,
  • Manoj Kumar Tiwari

摘要

This study evaluates the effect of steam-assisted pretreatment of Bougainvillea biomass on bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) utilizing reverse osmosis (RO) reject water as the electrolyte. Bougainvillea, an underutilized lignocellulosic ornamental plant waste, is naturally resistant to microbial degradation due to its high lignin content. To enhance its biodegradability, the biomass was steam-treated at 121 °C and 15 psi for 30 min, resulting in increased porosity and improved microbial accessibility. Both untreated and pretreated biomass were tested as substrates in dual-chamber MFCs inoculated with a pure Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), with RO reject water (total dissolved solids (TDS)—655 ± 23 mg/L) serving as the catholyte. Electrochemical characterization through cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy revealed enhanced redox activity and significantly reduced internal resistance in the system fed with steam-treated biomass. This setup achieved a peak power density of 275 mW/m2 and reduced TDS to ~ 200 mg/L within five days. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy analyses confirmed structural degradation of the lignocellulosic matrix. Moreover, the release of reducing sugars peaked at 215 mg/g, indicating enhanced substrate bioavailability. These findings demonstrate that steam pretreatment is an effective, low-cost strategy to improve both energy recovery and TDS wastewater remediation in MFCs, promoting a sustainable approach to biomass valorization and environmental management.

Graphical abstract