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<p>Propolis, a resinous apicultural product by honeybees collected from botanical exudates, has been traditionally used in folk medicine and has recently garnered substantial scientific interest due to its diverse pharmacological properties. This report examines the chemical complexity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of propolis. Emphasis is placed on the most recent technological and therapeutic advances, including nanobiotechnological formulations, molecular targeting in oncology, immunomodulation in viral infections, neuroprotective potential, and biotechnological production methods. Challenges and limitations related to standardization and clinical translation of propolis applications are also discussed, highlighting the future directions for propolis research as a promising natural therapeutic agent.</p>

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The multifaceted therapeutic potential of propolis: an integrative report on its pharmacological properties and emerging advances

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Muhammed Al-Huda Ballouk,
  • Mohamed Altinawi,
  • Piotr S. Fudalej

摘要

Propolis, a resinous apicultural product by honeybees collected from botanical exudates, has been traditionally used in folk medicine and has recently garnered substantial scientific interest due to its diverse pharmacological properties. This report examines the chemical complexity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of propolis. Emphasis is placed on the most recent technological and therapeutic advances, including nanobiotechnological formulations, molecular targeting in oncology, immunomodulation in viral infections, neuroprotective potential, and biotechnological production methods. Challenges and limitations related to standardization and clinical translation of propolis applications are also discussed, highlighting the future directions for propolis research as a promising natural therapeutic agent.