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<p>A stocking density difference test (30, 60, and 90 fish/400 L) and gene expression analysis of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> growth hormone (<i>CgGH</i>), thyroid hormone receptor (<i>THR</i>), heat shock protein 70 (<i>HSP70</i>), toll-like receptor-1 (<i>TLR1</i>), and immunoglobulin M (<i>IgM</i>) using <i>QRT-PCR</i> and <i>ELISA</i> for cortisol (<i>COR</i>) and <i>IgM</i> levels were used to assess the immunity of G6 transgenic (<i>TG</i>) mutiara catfish that were two months old. TG fish are treated with density treatments A (30 fish/400 L), B (60 fish/400 L), and C (90 fish/400 L), while non-transgenic (<i>NTG</i>) fish are treated with A* (30 fish/400 L), B* (60 fish/400 L), and C* (90 fish/400 L) for 60&#xa0;days of rearing with six replications. The <i>CgGH</i>, <i>THR</i>, <i>HSP70</i>, <i>TLR1</i>, and <i>IgM genes</i> were more highly expressed in <i>TG</i> fish with high density (90 fish/400 L) (means 4.75 ± 0.78; 5.09 ± 0.92; 4.76 ± 0.79; 17.79 ± 0.67; 15.22 ± 0.63) than in low density (30 fish/400 L) (means 2.12 ± 0.60; 1.68 ± 0.75; 3.55 ± 0.75; 6.92 ± 0.57; 3.53 ± 0.92) and <i>NTG</i> fish (means 0; 0.89 ± 0.48; 2.12 ± 0.63; 2.40 ± 0.46; 2.00 ± 0.60). <i>CgGH</i> modulates the expression of <i>THR</i> and <i>HSP70</i> genes and increases the expression of <i>TLR1</i> and <i>IgM</i>, suggesting that <i>GH</i>–transgenesis may enhance fish immunity to stress in high stocking density. After 60&#xa0;days of high-density treatment, <i>NTG</i> fish had higher white blood cell counts (means 46.20 ± 1.00 × 10<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) and <i>COR</i> levels (means 69 ± 1.94&#xa0;ng/mL) than <i>TG</i> fish (means 36.70 ± 1.01 × 10<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and 38.65 ± 1.43&#xa0;ng/mL), suggesting that <i>NTG</i> fish are more easily stressed. The function of <i>CgGH</i> in <i>TG</i> fish at the ideal stocking density (60 fish/400 L) can shield the kidneys from glomerular necrosis or renal tubular hypertrophy, as demonstrated in <i>NTG</i> fish, according to kidney histology. Thus, a research goal is to determine how genes and hormones involved in stress and immunity induction relate to fish density in transgenic and non-transgenic fish.</p>

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Gene and hormones involved in stress density and immunity response of G6 transgenic mutiara catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Yuniar Mulyani,
  • Ibnu Dwi Buwono,
  • Roffi Grandiosa,
  • Fittrie Meyllianawaty Pratiwy,
  • Epro Barades

摘要

A stocking density difference test (30, 60, and 90 fish/400 L) and gene expression analysis of Clarias gariepinus growth hormone (CgGH), thyroid hormone receptor (THR), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), toll-like receptor-1 (TLR1), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) using QRT-PCR and ELISA for cortisol (COR) and IgM levels were used to assess the immunity of G6 transgenic (TG) mutiara catfish that were two months old. TG fish are treated with density treatments A (30 fish/400 L), B (60 fish/400 L), and C (90 fish/400 L), while non-transgenic (NTG) fish are treated with A* (30 fish/400 L), B* (60 fish/400 L), and C* (90 fish/400 L) for 60 days of rearing with six replications. The CgGH, THR, HSP70, TLR1, and IgM genes were more highly expressed in TG fish with high density (90 fish/400 L) (means 4.75 ± 0.78; 5.09 ± 0.92; 4.76 ± 0.79; 17.79 ± 0.67; 15.22 ± 0.63) than in low density (30 fish/400 L) (means 2.12 ± 0.60; 1.68 ± 0.75; 3.55 ± 0.75; 6.92 ± 0.57; 3.53 ± 0.92) and NTG fish (means 0; 0.89 ± 0.48; 2.12 ± 0.63; 2.40 ± 0.46; 2.00 ± 0.60). CgGH modulates the expression of THR and HSP70 genes and increases the expression of TLR1 and IgM, suggesting that GH–transgenesis may enhance fish immunity to stress in high stocking density. After 60 days of high-density treatment, NTG fish had higher white blood cell counts (means 46.20 ± 1.00 × 103 cells/mm3) and COR levels (means 69 ± 1.94 ng/mL) than TG fish (means 36.70 ± 1.01 × 103 cells/mm3 and 38.65 ± 1.43 ng/mL), suggesting that NTG fish are more easily stressed. The function of CgGH in TG fish at the ideal stocking density (60 fish/400 L) can shield the kidneys from glomerular necrosis or renal tubular hypertrophy, as demonstrated in NTG fish, according to kidney histology. Thus, a research goal is to determine how genes and hormones involved in stress and immunity induction relate to fish density in transgenic and non-transgenic fish.