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<p>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/lead titanate (PbTiO<sub>3</sub>, PTO) nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their structural, optical, and morphological properties for photocatalytic applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a semi-crystalline PVDF matrix with the embedded PTO perovskite phase, with crystallite sizes calculated as 32&#xa0;nm using Scherrer’s equation. SEM images revealed a uniform dispersion of PTO particles (average size 53.04&#xa0;nm) within the PVDF matrix, supported by EDS and elemental mapping, which confirmed the presence of Pb, Ti, O, F, and C elements. UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) showed a reduction in band gap energy from 3.08 (pure PVDF) to 2.68&#xa0;eV (PVDF/PTO 2.5 wt%), indicating improved visible light absorption. The optimized PVDF/PTO 2.5 wt% composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, degrading 86.7% of methylene blue (MB) dye within 90&#xa0;min under visible light irradiation. Impedance spectroscopy confirmed reduced charge transfer resistance for the 2.5 wt% composite, correlating with enhanced photocatalytic performance. The study demonstrates that the integration of nanoscale PTO into PVDF improves structural order, optical absorption, and catalytic activity, making the composite a promising candidate for environmental remediation.</p>

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PVDF-based functional composites for efficient degradation of methylene blue

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Swayam Aryam Behera,
  • Binita Nanda,
  • P.Ganga Raju Achary

摘要

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/lead titanate (PbTiO3, PTO) nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their structural, optical, and morphological properties for photocatalytic applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a semi-crystalline PVDF matrix with the embedded PTO perovskite phase, with crystallite sizes calculated as 32 nm using Scherrer’s equation. SEM images revealed a uniform dispersion of PTO particles (average size 53.04 nm) within the PVDF matrix, supported by EDS and elemental mapping, which confirmed the presence of Pb, Ti, O, F, and C elements. UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) showed a reduction in band gap energy from 3.08 (pure PVDF) to 2.68 eV (PVDF/PTO 2.5 wt%), indicating improved visible light absorption. The optimized PVDF/PTO 2.5 wt% composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, degrading 86.7% of methylene blue (MB) dye within 90 min under visible light irradiation. Impedance spectroscopy confirmed reduced charge transfer resistance for the 2.5 wt% composite, correlating with enhanced photocatalytic performance. The study demonstrates that the integration of nanoscale PTO into PVDF improves structural order, optical absorption, and catalytic activity, making the composite a promising candidate for environmental remediation.