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<p>Quasi-phase matching (QPM) is a commonly employed method in nonlinear optical systems to achieve efficient frequency conversion by periodically modulating the nonlinear susceptibility of a material. However, random duty cycle error (RDE) significantly affects the performance of QPM devices. This error, which arises from deviations in the domain widths during fabrication (electric poling), introduces domain disorders that degrade the efficiency of nonlinear processes, leading to issues such as noise, ripples, etc. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of experimental methods that analyse the impact of domain randomness on QPM devices. Among the various experimental methods reviewed, the diffraction noise pattern technique emerges as the most effective, fast, and experimentally convenient approach for accurately measuring random duty cycle errors.</p>

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Compressive review on experimental techniques for measuring the random duty cycle error in quasi phase matched devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月5日

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  • Ugrasen Singh,
  • Abhinav Kumar,
  • Madhu,
  • Prashant Povel Dwivedi,
  • Ajay Mishra,
  • Nimish Dixit

摘要

Quasi-phase matching (QPM) is a commonly employed method in nonlinear optical systems to achieve efficient frequency conversion by periodically modulating the nonlinear susceptibility of a material. However, random duty cycle error (RDE) significantly affects the performance of QPM devices. This error, which arises from deviations in the domain widths during fabrication (electric poling), introduces domain disorders that degrade the efficiency of nonlinear processes, leading to issues such as noise, ripples, etc. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of experimental methods that analyse the impact of domain randomness on QPM devices. Among the various experimental methods reviewed, the diffraction noise pattern technique emerges as the most effective, fast, and experimentally convenient approach for accurately measuring random duty cycle errors.