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Background <p>Nattokinase is pivotal in managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and it serves as a natural adjunct in treating circulatory conditions, offering reduced risks and enhanced cost-effectiveness. This critical review explores the wide-ranging therapeutic effects of Nattokinase, particularly its capabilities in fibrinolysis, blood pressure regulation, atherosclerosis prevention, and decreasing lipid levels but multiple challenges still linger regarding its stability, bioavailability, and the processes for clinical applications.</p> Main text <p>The primary challenges in utilizing microbial therapeutic enzymes include instability, toxicity, and in vivo retention. Consequently, we propose enzyme immobilization of Nattokinase as a viable solution. Approaches including adsorption, encapsulation, and cross-linking can boost the strength, stability, reusability, output, and catalytic function of these enzymes. Our review outlines the current landscape of fibrinolytic enzymes, particularly nattokinase, as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases, alongside the advantages and disadvantages of various smart Nano carriers for enzyme distribution.</p> Conclusion <p>The advancements in immobilized Nattokinase formulations for CVD treatment and the utilization of sophisticated computational methodologies to address current challenges and future prospects in this domain are discussed. Furthermore, studies conducted on humans show that larger doses of Nattokinase produce better results in treating atherosclerosis and high lipid levels. This review focus on the beneficial effects of Nattokinase, highlighting the shortcomings in its application, and advocates for more extensive studies to fully leverage its treatment potential and to set forth evidence-informed protocols for its use in cardiovascular health.</p>

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Insights on the therapeutic potential of fibrinolytic enzymes, emphasis on Nattokinase and its enhanced production using advanced technologies: a critical review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Anju Kanjirakandi Ashokan,
  • V. Mohanasrinivasan

摘要

Background

Nattokinase is pivotal in managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and it serves as a natural adjunct in treating circulatory conditions, offering reduced risks and enhanced cost-effectiveness. This critical review explores the wide-ranging therapeutic effects of Nattokinase, particularly its capabilities in fibrinolysis, blood pressure regulation, atherosclerosis prevention, and decreasing lipid levels but multiple challenges still linger regarding its stability, bioavailability, and the processes for clinical applications.

Main text

The primary challenges in utilizing microbial therapeutic enzymes include instability, toxicity, and in vivo retention. Consequently, we propose enzyme immobilization of Nattokinase as a viable solution. Approaches including adsorption, encapsulation, and cross-linking can boost the strength, stability, reusability, output, and catalytic function of these enzymes. Our review outlines the current landscape of fibrinolytic enzymes, particularly nattokinase, as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases, alongside the advantages and disadvantages of various smart Nano carriers for enzyme distribution.

Conclusion

The advancements in immobilized Nattokinase formulations for CVD treatment and the utilization of sophisticated computational methodologies to address current challenges and future prospects in this domain are discussed. Furthermore, studies conducted on humans show that larger doses of Nattokinase produce better results in treating atherosclerosis and high lipid levels. This review focus on the beneficial effects of Nattokinase, highlighting the shortcomings in its application, and advocates for more extensive studies to fully leverage its treatment potential and to set forth evidence-informed protocols for its use in cardiovascular health.