Neurologische Gangstörungen: Differenzierung häufiger Ursachen

Walking on two legs, with the corresponding challenges for balance control, is the typical form of human locomotion. The biomechanics of the body, general physical performance, the peripheral and central sensorimotor nervous system, and cognition contribute to gait and the safety of standing and walking. The physiology of walking thus also reflects the functioning of the whole body. To differentiate gait disorders, walking needs to be investigated under different conditions and in a structured manner. At the very least, the consideration of walking should be carried out at different speeds, with sensory challenge (eyes closed) and while performing double tasks. In this way, the various neurological gait disorders can be differentiated, and the type of gait disorder can be specifically named. After the diagnostic assessment, targeted therapy is also possible, which usually includes elements of exercise therapy, a thorough explanation of the mechanisms of development of the symptoms and, in some cases, the administration of medication.