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<p>Folding-wing aircraft can modify their aerodynamic configurations during various flight phases, enabling adaptation to diverse atmospheric conditions, making them a crucial area in aerospace engineering advancements. The coordinated deformation of lightweight structures is a key technology for realizing folding wings. Mechanical metamaterials, with their lightweight and customizable deformation properties, are promising for use in folded wing structures. The KinetiX-based 3D-deformed metamaterial, with inclined ledges and flexible hinges, can produce out-of-plane bending deformation under in-plane loading. This study establishes a mechanical model of the KinetiX 3D-deformed metamaterial unit-cell structure, evaluates its deformation through simulations and experiments, and analyzes its bending behavior in combined configurations. The metamaterial is applied to wing and airfoil designs, with finite-element analysis and experimental tests validating its bending performance, demonstrating its potential for folded aerodynamic structures.</p>

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KinetiX Mechanical Metamaterials Based Integrated Design of Deformation and Load-Bearing for Folding Wings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Yuting Zhao,
  • Ting Li,
  • Jian Sun,
  • Yanju Liu

摘要

Folding-wing aircraft can modify their aerodynamic configurations during various flight phases, enabling adaptation to diverse atmospheric conditions, making them a crucial area in aerospace engineering advancements. The coordinated deformation of lightweight structures is a key technology for realizing folding wings. Mechanical metamaterials, with their lightweight and customizable deformation properties, are promising for use in folded wing structures. The KinetiX-based 3D-deformed metamaterial, with inclined ledges and flexible hinges, can produce out-of-plane bending deformation under in-plane loading. This study establishes a mechanical model of the KinetiX 3D-deformed metamaterial unit-cell structure, evaluates its deformation through simulations and experiments, and analyzes its bending behavior in combined configurations. The metamaterial is applied to wing and airfoil designs, with finite-element analysis and experimental tests validating its bending performance, demonstrating its potential for folded aerodynamic structures.