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<p>Aiming at the problems of life cycle cost estimation and reasonable design of key parameters for cost reduction in engineering design of Reusable Launch vehicle (RLV), a comparative cost modeling method for RLV benchmark against Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) of the same scale is proposed, with which it is carried out the economic analysis of RLV projection such as Space Shuttle, SpaceX Falcon 9 and reusable conceptual configuration. It is found that: reusable launchers with reasonable parameter can significantly reduce the cost of EELV, but the goal of reducing the cost by one order of magnitude is difficult to realize with restricted by the theoretical upper limit; the life cycle cost of RLV tends towards constant values or exhibit extremum points; the reusable recovery and refurbishment cost is a key parameter affecting the life cycle cost, cost-effectiveness and maintainability constitute defining characteristics of RLV, necessitating per-flight refurbishment expenditure to be maintained at ultralow levels—ideally not exceeding 5% of the Theoretical First Unit (TFU) manufacturing cost—to ensure economic viability; boundary conditions are given for the economic superiority of full reuse over first-stage partially reuse.</p>

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Lifecycle Cost Estimation and Critical Parameters Analysis for Reusable Launch Vehicle

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • Tao Du,
  • Tong Qin,
  • Dong Li,
  • Wei Wei,
  • Jinzhe Zhang,
  • Qingyao Meng,
  • Xinyuan Miao

摘要

Aiming at the problems of life cycle cost estimation and reasonable design of key parameters for cost reduction in engineering design of Reusable Launch vehicle (RLV), a comparative cost modeling method for RLV benchmark against Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) of the same scale is proposed, with which it is carried out the economic analysis of RLV projection such as Space Shuttle, SpaceX Falcon 9 and reusable conceptual configuration. It is found that: reusable launchers with reasonable parameter can significantly reduce the cost of EELV, but the goal of reducing the cost by one order of magnitude is difficult to realize with restricted by the theoretical upper limit; the life cycle cost of RLV tends towards constant values or exhibit extremum points; the reusable recovery and refurbishment cost is a key parameter affecting the life cycle cost, cost-effectiveness and maintainability constitute defining characteristics of RLV, necessitating per-flight refurbishment expenditure to be maintained at ultralow levels—ideally not exceeding 5% of the Theoretical First Unit (TFU) manufacturing cost—to ensure economic viability; boundary conditions are given for the economic superiority of full reuse over first-stage partially reuse.