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Background <p>Micro ring gyroscopes are promising candidates for next-generation inertial navigation systems in self-driving vehicles due to their inherent robustness against external vibrations. However, for reliable operation in automotive environments, such systems must maintain stable performance over wide temperature ranges. Conventional ring gyroscopes based on amplitude-modulation (AM) readout exhibit scale-factor sensitivity to temperature and suffer from an inherent trade-off between scale factor and bandwidth. Frequency-modulated (FM) gyroscopes were introduced to overcome this limitation by making the scale factor primarily dependent on the Coriolis coupling constant, which is largely insensitive to temperature variations. Nevertheless, FM gyroscopes remain affected by a temperature-dependent bias arising from variations in the natural frequency of the structure.</p> Goals <p>To propose a novel frequency-modulated readout technique that reduces temperature-dependent bias without sacrificing bandwidth. To develop a control system capable of exciting multiple degenerate modes and estimating the rotation rate from their combined responses. To investigate the effects of mode mismatch and cross-coupling on system performance.</p> Methods <p>The averaging method was used to derive the relationship between the rotation rate and the modal responses for both single-axis and multi-axis configurations. The derived model was further employed to analyze the effects of mode mismatch and modal cross-coupling on the performance of the proposed readout scheme. Finally, finite-element analysis was conducted to compare the temperature-induced variations in the modal frequencies with the corresponding variations in their frequency ratios.</p> Results <p>Finite-element simulations showed that the variation in the frequency ratio is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than the variation in the individual modal frequencies. The simulations further indicated that the remaining variation is primarily caused by thermally induced stresses. The analytical model demonstrated that mode mismatch affects only the drive forces and does not introduce scale-factor errors or bias. In contrast, cross-coupling between otherwise independent modes introduces bias variations that require further investigation.</p>

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Multi-Mode FM Ring Gyroscope

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Mohamed A. Mashaly,
  • Bassam A. Hussein,
  • Mohamed A. E. Mahmoud,
  • Said M. Megahed

摘要

Background

Micro ring gyroscopes are promising candidates for next-generation inertial navigation systems in self-driving vehicles due to their inherent robustness against external vibrations. However, for reliable operation in automotive environments, such systems must maintain stable performance over wide temperature ranges. Conventional ring gyroscopes based on amplitude-modulation (AM) readout exhibit scale-factor sensitivity to temperature and suffer from an inherent trade-off between scale factor and bandwidth. Frequency-modulated (FM) gyroscopes were introduced to overcome this limitation by making the scale factor primarily dependent on the Coriolis coupling constant, which is largely insensitive to temperature variations. Nevertheless, FM gyroscopes remain affected by a temperature-dependent bias arising from variations in the natural frequency of the structure.

Goals

To propose a novel frequency-modulated readout technique that reduces temperature-dependent bias without sacrificing bandwidth. To develop a control system capable of exciting multiple degenerate modes and estimating the rotation rate from their combined responses. To investigate the effects of mode mismatch and cross-coupling on system performance.

Methods

The averaging method was used to derive the relationship between the rotation rate and the modal responses for both single-axis and multi-axis configurations. The derived model was further employed to analyze the effects of mode mismatch and modal cross-coupling on the performance of the proposed readout scheme. Finally, finite-element analysis was conducted to compare the temperature-induced variations in the modal frequencies with the corresponding variations in their frequency ratios.

Results

Finite-element simulations showed that the variation in the frequency ratio is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than the variation in the individual modal frequencies. The simulations further indicated that the remaining variation is primarily caused by thermally induced stresses. The analytical model demonstrated that mode mismatch affects only the drive forces and does not introduce scale-factor errors or bias. In contrast, cross-coupling between otherwise independent modes introduces bias variations that require further investigation.