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Purpose <p>This work investigates the vibration damping performance of epoxy thermosets modified with glycidyl-terminated polyurethane (GPU) when applied in free-layer damping and constrained-layer damping configurations for structural vibration control.</p> Methods <p>GPU was incorporated at 5–20 wt% into a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy matrix, followed by curing with a polyether diamine curing agent to form thermoset networks. The modified epoxy systems were applied as viscoelastic damping layers on mild-steel beam substrates. The viscoelastic behavior of the blends was characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and frequency-dependent master curves were constructed using the time–temperature superposition (TTS) principle. Experimental modal testing was performed to evaluate vibration response and extract system loss factors at resonant frequencies. Analytical predictions were obtained using classical beam theory combined with dynamic mechanical analysis-derived material properties.</p> Results <p>Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that all GPU-modified epoxy blends maintained a loss factor above 0.3 across the practical frequency range, with the blend containing 15 wt% GPU exhibiting a broad maximum loss factor of 0.74. Experimental modal testing demonstrated substantial enhancement in damping performance for the GPU-modified blends compared to pristine epoxy network. In free-layer damping configurations, the system loss factor increased from 0.00803 for pristine epoxy to 0.05709 for the blend containing 20 wt% GPU at 463&#xa0;Hz. In constrained-layer damping configurations, the system loss factor increased from 0.01030 to 0.09767 at the same frequency. Analytical predictions reproduced the composition- and frequency-dependent trends, with a consistent underestimation of approximately 6–18% relative to experimental values.</p> Conclusions <p>The combined experimental and analytical results demonstrate that epoxy thermosets can be effectively tailored through blending with GPU to achive enhanced vibration damping over a structural frequency range of 463–4601&#xa0;Hz, as assessed through experimental modal analysis. The material exhibits strong potential as a lightweight and scalable solution for passive vibration control in structural applications.</p>

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Structural Vibration Damping Using Epoxy–Glycidyl Polyurethane Thermoset Blend: a Combined Experimental and Analytical Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Gaurav Sharma,
  • Adepu Kumaraswamy,
  • Srikanth billa,
  • Sangram K. Rath,
  • Debdatta Ratna

摘要

Purpose

This work investigates the vibration damping performance of epoxy thermosets modified with glycidyl-terminated polyurethane (GPU) when applied in free-layer damping and constrained-layer damping configurations for structural vibration control.

Methods

GPU was incorporated at 5–20 wt% into a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy matrix, followed by curing with a polyether diamine curing agent to form thermoset networks. The modified epoxy systems were applied as viscoelastic damping layers on mild-steel beam substrates. The viscoelastic behavior of the blends was characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and frequency-dependent master curves were constructed using the time–temperature superposition (TTS) principle. Experimental modal testing was performed to evaluate vibration response and extract system loss factors at resonant frequencies. Analytical predictions were obtained using classical beam theory combined with dynamic mechanical analysis-derived material properties.

Results

Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that all GPU-modified epoxy blends maintained a loss factor above 0.3 across the practical frequency range, with the blend containing 15 wt% GPU exhibiting a broad maximum loss factor of 0.74. Experimental modal testing demonstrated substantial enhancement in damping performance for the GPU-modified blends compared to pristine epoxy network. In free-layer damping configurations, the system loss factor increased from 0.00803 for pristine epoxy to 0.05709 for the blend containing 20 wt% GPU at 463 Hz. In constrained-layer damping configurations, the system loss factor increased from 0.01030 to 0.09767 at the same frequency. Analytical predictions reproduced the composition- and frequency-dependent trends, with a consistent underestimation of approximately 6–18% relative to experimental values.

Conclusions

The combined experimental and analytical results demonstrate that epoxy thermosets can be effectively tailored through blending with GPU to achive enhanced vibration damping over a structural frequency range of 463–4601 Hz, as assessed through experimental modal analysis. The material exhibits strong potential as a lightweight and scalable solution for passive vibration control in structural applications.