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Purpose <p>The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of tied (linear) and nonlinear soil-pile interface modelling approaches on the seismic response characteristics of a 20-story reinforced concrete building situated on layered sandy soil. This analysis is conducted within the framework of dynamic soil-pile-structure interaction (DSPSI). The study, further, examines the effect of pile configuration, embedment depth (<i>L/D</i>) ratio, and structural plan irregularity on the numerical response of the soil-pile-structure system under seismic loading.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model of the superstructure, foundation, and soil is developed to simulate the coupled interaction between the building, piled foundation, and stratified sandy soil. Three RCC building frames with two plan irregularities are considered: a regular frame and two vertically irregular (Models 2 and 3) frames with upper-storey geometric discontinuities. The layered sand profile is simulated with depth-dependent stiffness, and horizontal damping layers with increasing damping are introduced to represent energy dissipation. Two pile configurations, series and 2 × 2 groups, are studied for two <i>L/D</i> ratios while maintaining a consistent spacing of 3D. Key response characteristics include lateral deformation, storey drift, lateral pile displacement, and settlement.</p> Results <p>Findings reveal that nonlinear soil-pile interface modelling considerably influences seismic response patterns, demonstrating higher interaction effects and improved forecast accuracy as compared to tied (linear) interfaces. Pile arrangement and <i>L/D</i> ratio affect lateral deformation control and foundation performance.</p> Conclusion <p>The study demonstrates that the adopted soil-pile interface modelling approach significantly influences the numerical representation of seismic soil-pile-structure interaction response. The nonlinear interface formulation provides a comparatively more realistic representation of contact interaction mechanisms such as slip and separation, thereby affecting the computed displacement, settlement, and storey drift characteristics of high-rise buildings resting on layered sandy soil.</p>

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Comparative Numerical Investigation of Tied and Nonlinear Soil-Pile Interface Modelling Approaches for Seismic SSI Analysis of a 20-Storey Frame Resting on Layered Sandy Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Radhika R. Jadhav,
  • Sikandar A. Rasal,
  • Hemant S. Chore,
  • Ashish Kishore

摘要

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of tied (linear) and nonlinear soil-pile interface modelling approaches on the seismic response characteristics of a 20-story reinforced concrete building situated on layered sandy soil. This analysis is conducted within the framework of dynamic soil-pile-structure interaction (DSPSI). The study, further, examines the effect of pile configuration, embedment depth (L/D) ratio, and structural plan irregularity on the numerical response of the soil-pile-structure system under seismic loading.

Methods

A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model of the superstructure, foundation, and soil is developed to simulate the coupled interaction between the building, piled foundation, and stratified sandy soil. Three RCC building frames with two plan irregularities are considered: a regular frame and two vertically irregular (Models 2 and 3) frames with upper-storey geometric discontinuities. The layered sand profile is simulated with depth-dependent stiffness, and horizontal damping layers with increasing damping are introduced to represent energy dissipation. Two pile configurations, series and 2 × 2 groups, are studied for two L/D ratios while maintaining a consistent spacing of 3D. Key response characteristics include lateral deformation, storey drift, lateral pile displacement, and settlement.

Results

Findings reveal that nonlinear soil-pile interface modelling considerably influences seismic response patterns, demonstrating higher interaction effects and improved forecast accuracy as compared to tied (linear) interfaces. Pile arrangement and L/D ratio affect lateral deformation control and foundation performance.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that the adopted soil-pile interface modelling approach significantly influences the numerical representation of seismic soil-pile-structure interaction response. The nonlinear interface formulation provides a comparatively more realistic representation of contact interaction mechanisms such as slip and separation, thereby affecting the computed displacement, settlement, and storey drift characteristics of high-rise buildings resting on layered sandy soil.