Purpose <p>The increasing height and flexibility of modern wind turbine towers exacerbate their susceptibility to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) during installation and shutdown phases, compromising their structural fatigue life. This study aims to develop a framework for predicting and mitigating VIV to enhance the structural reliability and longevity of these systems.</p> Methods <p>A co-simulation framework was developed, integrating a semi-empirical time-domain aerodynamic model (for calculating vortex-induced forces) with a dynamic model of tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) for vibration control. Following validation against numerical and experimental data, the framework analyzed coupled fluid-structure interactions under steady and turbulent wind conditions. Furthermore, the tracking of time-domain frequencies and phase angles across multiple cross-sections was integrated with an enhanced genetic algorithm to optimize the TLD parameters.</p> Results <p>Cross-sectional analysis identified localized VIV mechanisms and frequency lock-in phenomena inherent to flexible structures. The optimization of TLD parameters via the enhanced genetic algorithm resulted in effective vibration suppression. The findings demonstrate the framework’s capability to simulate VIV responses and evaluate the performance of mitigation strategies.</p> Conclusions <p>By evaluating the advantages and limitations of TLD-based VIV suppression, this study provides theoretical references and engineering guidelines for designing vibration mitigation systems in wind turbines.</p>