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Purpose <p> Resonance-induced vibrations and fatigue failures of railway bogies often result from poor modal matching between structural natural frequencies and wheel-rail excitation spectra. Conventional frequency-based methods ignore dynamic transfer characteristics, leading to suboptimal vibration suppression. This study aims to develop an efficient modal matching methodology to enhance bogie vibration stability and durability.</p> Methods <p> A Transfer Function and Least Action Principle (TF-LAP) based modal matching approach is proposed, which minimizes vibration acceleration RMS by aligning transfer function peaks with excitation spectrum valleys. Theoretical derivation relies on a generalized frequency-domain least-action functional; validation uses a 5-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) dynamic model and a rigid-flexible coupling model (considering varying wheel wear).</p> Results <p> Compared with the NASA 20% frequency isolation rule, the method reduces vibration RMS by 26% (13.07→9.69 m·s²) and extends key component fatigue life from 72 thousand km to 157 million km. </p> Conclusion <p> The proposed TF-LAP framework overcomes the static limitations of traditional methods, provides a quantitative dynamic modal matching tool, and offers practical guidance for optimizing bogie vibration control and service life.</p>

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Modal Matching Design for Railway Bogies via Transfer Function and Least Action Principle

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Xin Deng,
  • Dao Gong,
  • Kai Zhou,
  • Jinsong Zhou,
  • Ruiqian Wang

摘要

Purpose

Resonance-induced vibrations and fatigue failures of railway bogies often result from poor modal matching between structural natural frequencies and wheel-rail excitation spectra. Conventional frequency-based methods ignore dynamic transfer characteristics, leading to suboptimal vibration suppression. This study aims to develop an efficient modal matching methodology to enhance bogie vibration stability and durability.

Methods

A Transfer Function and Least Action Principle (TF-LAP) based modal matching approach is proposed, which minimizes vibration acceleration RMS by aligning transfer function peaks with excitation spectrum valleys. Theoretical derivation relies on a generalized frequency-domain least-action functional; validation uses a 5-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) dynamic model and a rigid-flexible coupling model (considering varying wheel wear).

Results

Compared with the NASA 20% frequency isolation rule, the method reduces vibration RMS by 26% (13.07→9.69 m·s²) and extends key component fatigue life from 72 thousand km to 157 million km.

Conclusion

The proposed TF-LAP framework overcomes the static limitations of traditional methods, provides a quantitative dynamic modal matching tool, and offers practical guidance for optimizing bogie vibration control and service life.