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Background <p>Functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) sandwich plates are widely used in advanced engineering applications due to their superior mechanical properties. Understanding their buckling and vibration behavior is essential for ensuring structural stability and performance.</p> Purpose <p>This study aims to investigate the buckling and free vibration behavior of laminated FG-CNTRC sandwich plates using a layer-wise theory in combination with the p-version of the finite element method.</p> Methods <p>A layer-wise (LW) model is employed to accurately represent displacement fields across each layer, incorporating a linear zig-zag variation to ensure interfacial continuity. The analysis is carried out using the p-version of the finite element method, where the polynomial order of the shape functions is increased to achieve high accuracy without mesh refinement. The sandwich structure consists of CNT-reinforced face sheets with four distribution types (FG-UD, FG-V, FG-O, FG-X) and a homogeneous core. Both symmetric and antisymmetric layups are considered. The model is validated through convergence studies and comparison with existing results. A parametric study is performed to evaluate the effects of CNT volume fraction, thickness ratios, stacking sequence, and boundary conditions.</p> Results <p>The results demonstrate high accuracy and fast convergence of the proposed model for both thin and thick plates. The FG-X distribution provides the highest natural frequencies and buckling loads, particularly for thin plates with high CNT content. Uniaxial loading yields higher buckling resistance compared to biaxial loading, while clamped boundary conditions and increased core thickness improve structural stability.</p> Conclusions <p>The combined layer-wise formulation and p-version finite element approach proves to be efficient and reliable for analyzing FG-CNTRC sandwich plates. The study highlights the significant influence of CNT distribution, structural parameters, and loading conditions on the mechanical performance.</p>

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A Layer-wise \(p\)-FEM for Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated FG-CNTRC Sandwich Plates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • M. Hachemi,
  • A. Guenanou,
  • F. Touahra,
  • R. Chebout,
  • K. Bachari

摘要

Background

Functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) sandwich plates are widely used in advanced engineering applications due to their superior mechanical properties. Understanding their buckling and vibration behavior is essential for ensuring structural stability and performance.

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the buckling and free vibration behavior of laminated FG-CNTRC sandwich plates using a layer-wise theory in combination with the p-version of the finite element method.

Methods

A layer-wise (LW) model is employed to accurately represent displacement fields across each layer, incorporating a linear zig-zag variation to ensure interfacial continuity. The analysis is carried out using the p-version of the finite element method, where the polynomial order of the shape functions is increased to achieve high accuracy without mesh refinement. The sandwich structure consists of CNT-reinforced face sheets with four distribution types (FG-UD, FG-V, FG-O, FG-X) and a homogeneous core. Both symmetric and antisymmetric layups are considered. The model is validated through convergence studies and comparison with existing results. A parametric study is performed to evaluate the effects of CNT volume fraction, thickness ratios, stacking sequence, and boundary conditions.

Results

The results demonstrate high accuracy and fast convergence of the proposed model for both thin and thick plates. The FG-X distribution provides the highest natural frequencies and buckling loads, particularly for thin plates with high CNT content. Uniaxial loading yields higher buckling resistance compared to biaxial loading, while clamped boundary conditions and increased core thickness improve structural stability.

Conclusions

The combined layer-wise formulation and p-version finite element approach proves to be efficient and reliable for analyzing FG-CNTRC sandwich plates. The study highlights the significant influence of CNT distribution, structural parameters, and loading conditions on the mechanical performance.