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Purpose <p>In China, ordinary railway bridges with low-reinforcement concrete piers and spherical steel bearings are widely used, while combined seismic isolation bridges with hyperbolic bearings and dampers show great potential. However, the seismic performance comparison between these two types at the same design level remains unclear. Current research primarily focuses on seismic retrofitting measures on the same bridge, leaving a gap between research and practical engineering applications.</p> Methods <p>To elucidate seismic performance disparities, this paper compares the original Liuhuanggou bridge (damaged in the 2022 Menyuan earthquake) and a newly constructed seismically isolated version. Using OpenSees, models accounting for various operational states were developed and verified through Midas and theoretical analysis. Fifteen sets of near-fault ground motions from the 2016 and 2022 Menyuan earthquakes were scaled to create 150 sets for incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), identifying vulnerable locations, failure modes, and damage mechanisms.</p> Results <p>Ordinary bridges exhibited significant residual deformation in bearings, reduced pier capacity, and beam collisions, hindering repair and traffic restoration. In contrast, seismic isolated bridges showed larger peak deformation in bearings but smaller residual displacements and minimal pier damage, which offer advantages for emergency rescue and relief efforts.</p> Conclusions <p>While ordinary bridges generally meet seismic performance standards, additional reinforcement can help prevent tensile cracking and the loss of pier capacity. Residual deformation poses a significant threat to bridge safety and post-earthquake repairs, a threat that can be mitigated by the adoption of seismic isolation bearings. Seismic isolated bridges exhibit superior performance but require attention to beam-to-beam collisions.</p>

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Comparative Analysis of Failure Mechanism Based on Existing Bridges Near an Active Fault Zone: Seismic-resistant and Seismic Isolation System of the Liuhuanggou Bridge

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Xin Li,
  • Hui Jiang,
  • Liangjiang Chen,
  • Huixiang Zhong,
  • Yongzheng Zhou,
  • Wenliang Lu

摘要

Purpose

In China, ordinary railway bridges with low-reinforcement concrete piers and spherical steel bearings are widely used, while combined seismic isolation bridges with hyperbolic bearings and dampers show great potential. However, the seismic performance comparison between these two types at the same design level remains unclear. Current research primarily focuses on seismic retrofitting measures on the same bridge, leaving a gap between research and practical engineering applications.

Methods

To elucidate seismic performance disparities, this paper compares the original Liuhuanggou bridge (damaged in the 2022 Menyuan earthquake) and a newly constructed seismically isolated version. Using OpenSees, models accounting for various operational states were developed and verified through Midas and theoretical analysis. Fifteen sets of near-fault ground motions from the 2016 and 2022 Menyuan earthquakes were scaled to create 150 sets for incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), identifying vulnerable locations, failure modes, and damage mechanisms.

Results

Ordinary bridges exhibited significant residual deformation in bearings, reduced pier capacity, and beam collisions, hindering repair and traffic restoration. In contrast, seismic isolated bridges showed larger peak deformation in bearings but smaller residual displacements and minimal pier damage, which offer advantages for emergency rescue and relief efforts.

Conclusions

While ordinary bridges generally meet seismic performance standards, additional reinforcement can help prevent tensile cracking and the loss of pier capacity. Residual deformation poses a significant threat to bridge safety and post-earthquake repairs, a threat that can be mitigated by the adoption of seismic isolation bearings. Seismic isolated bridges exhibit superior performance but require attention to beam-to-beam collisions.