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Background <p>Wind turbine towers are highly susceptible to vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) caused by the incoming flow during the hoisting process, which can lead to fatigue damage of the towers. The VIV of the wind turbine tower exhibits coupling between cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) motions, with the IL vibration frequency being double that of the CF direction. Because VIVs of the IL and CF directions all contribute to the fatigue damage of the towers, a study that concurrently considers the IL and CF components of VIV is warranted.</p> Purpose <p>An effective method is developed for studying the bidirectional VIV characteristics of wind turbine towers with elastic foundations and lumped mass.</p> Methods <p>The equations of motion of the wind turbine tower are established using Hamilton’s principle and the Galerkin method, and incorporating the van der Pol equation to model the aerodynamic forces. The finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain the mode shapes of the tower with variable cross-sectional area. The accuracy of the present theoretical model in predicting the frequency lock-in ranges of the bidirectional VIVs of wind turbine towers are verified by comparing with the existing results in the literature, and the wind field and wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine tower models.</p> Results <p>The results show that a frequency lock-in range also occurs in the IL direction before that in the CF direction. The effects of different parameters on the bidirectional VIV characteristics of the wind turbine tower are analyzed. The frequency lock-in ranges of the experimental results coincide well with the theoretical ones.</p> Conclusions <p>It indicates that the VIV primarily occurs within the frequency lock-in regions, with the critical wind speeds primarily determined by the diameters of the upper tower segments. The lumped mass and the bottom support stiffness have approximately opposite effects on the frequency lock-in ranges of the wind turbine tower. The larger the lumped mass, the lower the wind speeds for the IL and CF lock-in ranges, whereas with the increase of the bottom support stiffness, the IL and CF lock-in ranges gradually increase to higher wind speeds.</p>

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Bidirectional Vortex-induced Vibrations of Wind Turbine Towers: Theory and Experimental Validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Ziyu Ruan,
  • Chuan Chen,
  • Jingwei Zhou,
  • Fengming Li

摘要

Background

Wind turbine towers are highly susceptible to vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) caused by the incoming flow during the hoisting process, which can lead to fatigue damage of the towers. The VIV of the wind turbine tower exhibits coupling between cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) motions, with the IL vibration frequency being double that of the CF direction. Because VIVs of the IL and CF directions all contribute to the fatigue damage of the towers, a study that concurrently considers the IL and CF components of VIV is warranted.

Purpose

An effective method is developed for studying the bidirectional VIV characteristics of wind turbine towers with elastic foundations and lumped mass.

Methods

The equations of motion of the wind turbine tower are established using Hamilton’s principle and the Galerkin method, and incorporating the van der Pol equation to model the aerodynamic forces. The finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain the mode shapes of the tower with variable cross-sectional area. The accuracy of the present theoretical model in predicting the frequency lock-in ranges of the bidirectional VIVs of wind turbine towers are verified by comparing with the existing results in the literature, and the wind field and wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine tower models.

Results

The results show that a frequency lock-in range also occurs in the IL direction before that in the CF direction. The effects of different parameters on the bidirectional VIV characteristics of the wind turbine tower are analyzed. The frequency lock-in ranges of the experimental results coincide well with the theoretical ones.

Conclusions

It indicates that the VIV primarily occurs within the frequency lock-in regions, with the critical wind speeds primarily determined by the diameters of the upper tower segments. The lumped mass and the bottom support stiffness have approximately opposite effects on the frequency lock-in ranges of the wind turbine tower. The larger the lumped mass, the lower the wind speeds for the IL and CF lock-in ranges, whereas with the increase of the bottom support stiffness, the IL and CF lock-in ranges gradually increase to higher wind speeds.