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Purpose <p>This study aims to develop a new immersed contact model for predicting contact behavior in an incompressible Newtonian viscous fluid under simple harmonic motion. The model seeks to account for strong solid–fluid coupling during impact, capturing energy dissipation mechanisms that are not adequately represented by conventional approaches.</p> Methods <p>The proposed model represents contact as a vibratory system approximated by simple harmonic motion. Hydrodynamic forces—including drag, added mass, history, and inertia—are characterized in sinusoidal harmonic motion and incorporated as external excitations to the system. Distinct parameters are introduced to regulate hydrodynamic effects during free motion (approach and separation) and contact phases (compression and recovery). A new fluid damping factor is derived by combining the equation of motion with Newton’s coefficient of restitution (CoR). The nonlinear immersed contact model is then formulated by integrating this damping factor into Hertzian contact theory. Model performance is validated using experimental data of a ball bouncing in fluid and numerical simulations of a pendulum oscillating in fluid with ABAQUS.</p> Results <p>The model successfully captures the dynamic evolution of hydrodynamic forces across different motion phases and demonstrates strong agreement with experimental and numerical results. The new fluid damping factor effectively represents energy dissipation due to solid–fluid coupling, improving the prediction of restitution behavior compared with traditional models.</p> Conclusions <p>The proposed nonlinear immersed contact model provides a robust framework for analyzing particle–fluid interactions under harmonic motion. By integrating hydrodynamic forces into Hertzian contact theory, the model enhances the accuracy of contact predictions in viscous fluids and offers valuable insights for applications involving immersed collisions and oscillatory particle dynamics.</p>

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Development of a Novel Immersed Collision Model for Contact Behavior Under Simple Harmonic Motion in an Incompressible Fluid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Gengxiang Wang,
  • Qing Zhang,
  • Haoyan Zhang,
  • Caishan Liu

摘要

Purpose

This study aims to develop a new immersed contact model for predicting contact behavior in an incompressible Newtonian viscous fluid under simple harmonic motion. The model seeks to account for strong solid–fluid coupling during impact, capturing energy dissipation mechanisms that are not adequately represented by conventional approaches.

Methods

The proposed model represents contact as a vibratory system approximated by simple harmonic motion. Hydrodynamic forces—including drag, added mass, history, and inertia—are characterized in sinusoidal harmonic motion and incorporated as external excitations to the system. Distinct parameters are introduced to regulate hydrodynamic effects during free motion (approach and separation) and contact phases (compression and recovery). A new fluid damping factor is derived by combining the equation of motion with Newton’s coefficient of restitution (CoR). The nonlinear immersed contact model is then formulated by integrating this damping factor into Hertzian contact theory. Model performance is validated using experimental data of a ball bouncing in fluid and numerical simulations of a pendulum oscillating in fluid with ABAQUS.

Results

The model successfully captures the dynamic evolution of hydrodynamic forces across different motion phases and demonstrates strong agreement with experimental and numerical results. The new fluid damping factor effectively represents energy dissipation due to solid–fluid coupling, improving the prediction of restitution behavior compared with traditional models.

Conclusions

The proposed nonlinear immersed contact model provides a robust framework for analyzing particle–fluid interactions under harmonic motion. By integrating hydrodynamic forces into Hertzian contact theory, the model enhances the accuracy of contact predictions in viscous fluids and offers valuable insights for applications involving immersed collisions and oscillatory particle dynamics.