Purpose <p>Wheel wear evolution models typically assume the wheel rotates on either a rigid rail or a flexible track of uniform stiffness. This study aims to investigate how the non-uniformity of track stiffness influences wheel-rail interaction parameters and wheel wear. Specifically, the research seeks to understand the impact of non-uniform track stiffness on the dynamic forces and stresses due to wheel-rail interaction, with the goal of enhancing the accuracy of wheel wear prediction models.</p> Methods <p>An elasto-plastic explicit dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) approach is employed in this study. The analysis focuses on a quarter-car running on a rail supported by sleepers. The modulus of elasticity of the sleepers is calibrated to mimic the actual rail deflection of a light rail transit system, particularly the Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Service (AALRTS). The total stiffness of the track support structure is represented by the sleeper modulus of elasticity in the FEA model. The study validates FEA contact results using analytical rolling contact solutions. Subsequently, computer codes are utilized to extract instantaneous contact physical quantities at various sleeper modulus ratios from the FEA model. These quantities are then used to calculate the volume of material removal on the wheel tread through the Archard wear model.</p> Results <p>The investigation reveals that an increase in the degree of sleeper modulus variation leads to heightened fluctuations in wheel-rail contact forces and stresses. Consequently, this increase in variability increases the rate of material removal on the wheel tread. The study demonstrates the significant influence of non-uniform track stiffness on wheel-rail interaction dynamics and wear patterns.</p> Conclusion <p>This research underscores the importance of incorporating the spatial variation of railway track modulus into wheel-rail wear prediction models. By enhancing the accuracy of these models, better maintenance strategies and policies can be developed to mitigate wear-related issues. Ultimately, the findings contribute to advancing our understanding of wheel-rail interaction mechanics and pave the way for more effective maintenance practices in railway systems.</p>