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Purpose <p>This study presents a novel method for measuring vibration amplitudes using cross-correlation and Fourier transform analysis of laser speckle patterns. The system was designed to be cost-effective and portable by employing a minimal number of optical and electronic components. The primary goal was to accurately measure vibrations within a broad frequency range of 0–1300&#xa0;Hz and amplitudes between 2 and 10&#xa0;mm/s.</p> Methods <p>The method utilizes a line scan CCD sensor to acquire one-dimensional projections of a laser speckle pattern generated on a vibrating surface. Vibration amplitude is determined by calculating the pixel displacement between consecutive sensor readings using cross-correlation, while frequency is extracted from a time-series intensity signal via a Fast Fourier Transform. A Time-of-Flight sensor is integrated to calibrate the amplitude measurements.</p> Results <p>Experimental validation confirmed that the developed system can accurately measure vibrations within the target frequency range of 0–1300&#xa0;Hz and amplitudes of 2–10&#xa0;mm/s. Measured frequencies showed minor deviations from the target values, and the measurement error increased for amplitudes exceeding 10&#xa0;mm/s. The system demonstrated reliable performance, with a mean frequency error of -0.341&#xa0;Hz and a mean amplitude error of -0.12&#xa0;mm/s.</p> Conclusion <p>This research successfully developed a low-cost, non-contact laser vibrometer capable of measuring a wide range of vibration frequencies without requiring high-speed imaging. The system’s upper frequency limit is constrained by the microcontroller’s processing speed, and measurement errors grow at higher frequencies and for amplitudes outside the 2–10&#xa0;mm/s range.</p>

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Cross-Correlation Analysis of Laser Speckle Patterns for Vibration Measurement Using a Line Scan CCD Sensor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • İbrahim Yildiz

摘要

Purpose

This study presents a novel method for measuring vibration amplitudes using cross-correlation and Fourier transform analysis of laser speckle patterns. The system was designed to be cost-effective and portable by employing a minimal number of optical and electronic components. The primary goal was to accurately measure vibrations within a broad frequency range of 0–1300 Hz and amplitudes between 2 and 10 mm/s.

Methods

The method utilizes a line scan CCD sensor to acquire one-dimensional projections of a laser speckle pattern generated on a vibrating surface. Vibration amplitude is determined by calculating the pixel displacement between consecutive sensor readings using cross-correlation, while frequency is extracted from a time-series intensity signal via a Fast Fourier Transform. A Time-of-Flight sensor is integrated to calibrate the amplitude measurements.

Results

Experimental validation confirmed that the developed system can accurately measure vibrations within the target frequency range of 0–1300 Hz and amplitudes of 2–10 mm/s. Measured frequencies showed minor deviations from the target values, and the measurement error increased for amplitudes exceeding 10 mm/s. The system demonstrated reliable performance, with a mean frequency error of -0.341 Hz and a mean amplitude error of -0.12 mm/s.

Conclusion

This research successfully developed a low-cost, non-contact laser vibrometer capable of measuring a wide range of vibration frequencies without requiring high-speed imaging. The system’s upper frequency limit is constrained by the microcontroller’s processing speed, and measurement errors grow at higher frequencies and for amplitudes outside the 2–10 mm/s range.