Purpose <p>To investigate the influence of bridge bearings and Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) on the vibration and noise response of the track-bridge structure, this paper develops a novel scaled multi-physics coupled vehicle-track-bridge dynamic model test system based on similarity theory. Utilizing this system, experimental studies are conducted.</p> Methods <p>Based on similarity theory, the paper derives the vibration similarity relationships for the structure using a geometric scaling ratio of 10:1. Through numerical analysis and experimental methods, the accuracy of the vibration and acoustic relationships in both the test model and numerical model is verified. The effects of bridge bearing variations on the vibro-acoustic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed, and the vibration control performance of TMD applied to the track-bridge structure is investigated.</p> Results and Conclusions <p>Within the frequency range of 0 ~ 200&#xa0;Hz, the stiffness of the bearings significantly influences structural vibration, with low-stiffness rubber bearings demonstrating superior noise reduction performance. A TMD with a mass ratio of 0.02 reduces vibration amplitude by 46.4%, while the installation of dual TMD extends the effective frequency range. The overall error of the scaled multi-physical-field coupled vehicle-bridge structural dynamics model test system developed in this study is within the acceptable range for engineering research, and it has strong applicability to future research on vibration and noise of vehicle-track-bridge structures. Additionally, it provides a new approach for studying novel vibration and noise reduction techniques in vehicle-track-bridge systems, as well as the engineering application of new materials and structures in vehicle-track-bridge systems.</p>