Purpose <p>Different soil media have different effects on the propagation and attenuation of the explosion seismic wave. Studying the influence of soil media on the explosion seismic wave test is of great significance for accurately measuring the seismic wave intensity and evaluating the ammunition damage power.</p> Methods <p>In this research, an explosion seismic wave test system was designed and built. The near-ground explosion seismic wave tests of different TNT charges under different soil media (loess, wet soil, and gravel) were carried out. Based on the measured data, the influence of soil media on the velocity peak and peak attenuation rate of the explosion seismic wave was systematically analyzed. Dimensional analysis was used to establish the functional relationship between TNT charge <i>Q</i>, measurement point distance <i>R</i>, soil acoustic impedance <i>ρ</i>_<i>s</i><i>c</i>, soil elastic modulus <i>E</i>_<i>s</i> and seismic wave velocity peak <i>v</i>. Based on the test data, the prediction model of the explosion seismic wave velocity peak was obtained by three-dimensional nonlinear fitting.</p> Results <p>The test results showed that under the same explosion conditions, the seismic wave velocity peak was negatively correlated with the soil media elastic modulus, and the velocity peak attenuation rate was negatively correlated with the soil media acoustic impedance. Through the explosion field test, comparing the tested value with the predicted value, the prediction model’s maximum error was 9.13%, and its average error was 3.72%.</p> Conclusion <p>This research provides a theoretical basis and method for obtaining the explosion seismic wave vibration velocity peak under different soil media and verifying the validity of test data.</p>