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Background <p>Masonry structures are widely utilized in construction due to their simple configuration and low cost. However, such structures exhibit significant brittleness and poor ductility under shear loading, which severely compromises their structural safety. Although carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has proven effective in enhancing structural strength, existing monitoring techniques often fall short in providing real-time insight into internal damage evolution. To address this limitation, this study proposes an integrated approach that combines CFRP fabric reinforcement with piezoelectric active sensing, aiming to achieve both structural enhancement and real-time damage monitoring for masonry structures.</p> Methods <p>A total of six masonry wall specimens were designed for shear testing, including three reinforced with CFRP fabric and three unreinforced controls. During the loading process, a piezoelectric active sensing system was employed to excite and receive one-dimensional stress wave signals. These signals were further transformed into twodimensional recurrence plots (RPs) and analyzed using recurrence plot (RP) pattern recognition and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). Structural damage progression was quantitatively characterized using the recurrence entropy (ENTR) index.</p> Results <p>The application of CFRP reinforcement significantly improved the mechanical performance of the masonry walls. The stable load-bearing range increased from 6kN to 10kN, representing a 66.7% improvement, while the ultimate load capacity increased from 12kN to 15.4kN, an enhancement of 28.3%. During damage evolution, the ENTR values of reinforced specimens exhibited a notably slower decline (0.1–0.15 per 2kN load increment) compared to unreinforced specimens (0.2–0.3 per 2kN), indicating superior ductility and delayed damage development.</p> Conclusion <p>The proposed CFRP–piezoelectric active sensing strategy not only significantly enhances the shear performance of masonry structures but also enables real-time, non-destructive monitoring of damage evolution. This integrated approach offers a promising and practical solution for the health monitoring of masonry structures with broad application potential.</p>

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Shear Damage Monitoring of Masonry Structures Reinforced with CFRP Fabric Based on Piezoelectric Active Sensing and Recursive Analysis Method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Yixuan Chen,
  • Jingyi Wei,
  • Zhennan Gao,
  • Jianchao Wu

摘要

Background

Masonry structures are widely utilized in construction due to their simple configuration and low cost. However, such structures exhibit significant brittleness and poor ductility under shear loading, which severely compromises their structural safety. Although carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has proven effective in enhancing structural strength, existing monitoring techniques often fall short in providing real-time insight into internal damage evolution. To address this limitation, this study proposes an integrated approach that combines CFRP fabric reinforcement with piezoelectric active sensing, aiming to achieve both structural enhancement and real-time damage monitoring for masonry structures.

Methods

A total of six masonry wall specimens were designed for shear testing, including three reinforced with CFRP fabric and three unreinforced controls. During the loading process, a piezoelectric active sensing system was employed to excite and receive one-dimensional stress wave signals. These signals were further transformed into twodimensional recurrence plots (RPs) and analyzed using recurrence plot (RP) pattern recognition and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). Structural damage progression was quantitatively characterized using the recurrence entropy (ENTR) index.

Results

The application of CFRP reinforcement significantly improved the mechanical performance of the masonry walls. The stable load-bearing range increased from 6kN to 10kN, representing a 66.7% improvement, while the ultimate load capacity increased from 12kN to 15.4kN, an enhancement of 28.3%. During damage evolution, the ENTR values of reinforced specimens exhibited a notably slower decline (0.1–0.15 per 2kN load increment) compared to unreinforced specimens (0.2–0.3 per 2kN), indicating superior ductility and delayed damage development.

Conclusion

The proposed CFRP–piezoelectric active sensing strategy not only significantly enhances the shear performance of masonry structures but also enables real-time, non-destructive monitoring of damage evolution. This integrated approach offers a promising and practical solution for the health monitoring of masonry structures with broad application potential.