<p>This study proposes a novel two-mode adaptive control based on type-2 fuzzy logic (T2-FLS) for vibration control of structures equipped with an active mass driver (AMD) system. Firstly, the uncertainty of the system is estimated based on a T2-FLS, and then an indirect adaptive controller is designed. Membership functions (MFs) and rules of T2-FLS are adaptively optimized through online tuning laws. During the control process, the system switches between two modes, learning and operating modes, to adapt to system changes and improve control effects. The tuning laws are designed such that the dynamics of vibration error are stable, and the structural vibration is asymptotically suppressed. Additionally, an adaptive compensator is introduced to mitigate the effects of approximation error (AE), external noise, and interference. It operates alongside the fuzzy controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through simulation and real-world experiments. The results show that the proposed strategy has good control performance in reducing the vibration peak value and the structural displacement’s root mean square (RMS) value. It also exhibits good adaptive capabilities and can handle uncertain parameters and time-varying systems effectively.</p>