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<p>To address in-vehicle noise issues across varying excitation frequencies, this paper introduces a novel spiral acoustic metastructure (SAMS) featuring electrically tunable bandgaps. The proposed SAMS unit cell consists of 4 parts: a micro-stepper motor, a spiral beam, 2 end covers (upper and lower). The micro-stepper motor serves dual functions as both a mass and a means to rotate the spiral beam, thereby adjusting its equivalent vertical stiffness. To elucidate the working mechanism of the SAMS, its band structure and equivalent analogy network are analyzed from infinite and finite periodic perspectives, respectively. From an electrical standpoint, the SAMS unit cell can be considered as a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42417_2025_1862_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:LCR\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> resonant circuit that acts as a filter. Electrical analysis results show that the valley of the transmissibility correlates exactly with the bending wave bandgap in the band structure. In particular, the analog network can capture the electromechanical coupling effect, allowing for faster prediction and accurate adjustment of the bandgap position when combined with the electronic control system. Finally, 5 SAMS samples are applied to the noise reduction of the powered seat of vehicles. Experiment results demonstrate significant suppression of the structure-borne noise of the seat frame system across different frequency bands, with a maximum reduction of 28 dB(A). This indicates the effectiveness of the tunable bandgap and their potential for application in intelligent acoustic cockpits for future vehicles.</p>

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An Electrically Tunable Spiral Acoustic Metastructure for Reducing In-Vehicle Noise with Varying Excitation Frequencies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • Shiqi Deng,
  • Hao Hu,
  • Zhicheng Qi,
  • Yudong Wu,
  • Weiping Ding

摘要

To address in-vehicle noise issues across varying excitation frequencies, this paper introduces a novel spiral acoustic metastructure (SAMS) featuring electrically tunable bandgaps. The proposed SAMS unit cell consists of 4 parts: a micro-stepper motor, a spiral beam, 2 end covers (upper and lower). The micro-stepper motor serves dual functions as both a mass and a means to rotate the spiral beam, thereby adjusting its equivalent vertical stiffness. To elucidate the working mechanism of the SAMS, its band structure and equivalent analogy network are analyzed from infinite and finite periodic perspectives, respectively. From an electrical standpoint, the SAMS unit cell can be considered as a \(\:LCR\) resonant circuit that acts as a filter. Electrical analysis results show that the valley of the transmissibility correlates exactly with the bending wave bandgap in the band structure. In particular, the analog network can capture the electromechanical coupling effect, allowing for faster prediction and accurate adjustment of the bandgap position when combined with the electronic control system. Finally, 5 SAMS samples are applied to the noise reduction of the powered seat of vehicles. Experiment results demonstrate significant suppression of the structure-borne noise of the seat frame system across different frequency bands, with a maximum reduction of 28 dB(A). This indicates the effectiveness of the tunable bandgap and their potential for application in intelligent acoustic cockpits for future vehicles.