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Background <p>The study investigates vibration-based micro and nanoscale energy harvesters, focusing on flexoelectric effects combined with piezoelectric mechanisms for applications in wireless networks and IoT-based miniaturized electronic systems.</p> Objectives <p>To develop a novel nonlocal, non-uniform, base-excited flexoelectric energy harvester with a proof mass and analyze its nonlinear dynamics under primary and secondary resonance conditions for optimizing energy harvesting efficiency and structural stability.</p> Methods <p>A non-classical nanobeam-like structure is modeled using extended Hamilton’s principle, with electromechanical coupling formulated through Galerkin’s principle. The study examines three nanostructure configurations—constant width with linearly varying height, linearly varying dimensions, and quadratic width variation with linearly varying height—using mathematical analysis and Multiphysics simulations.</p> Results <p>(1) Nonlocality, tapering, proof mass offset, and load resistance significantly influence voltage and power output. (2) Quadratic width profiles outperform others, enhancing voltage generation and structural response. (3) Primary and combined resonance scenarios reveal critical thresholds for optimal performance, offering insights into dynamic behavior and stability. (4) Tapered beams exhibit lower sensitivity to proof mass offset, while uniform beams demonstrate higher sensitivity.</p> Conclusions <p>This research provides a comprehensive framework for designing efficient nanoscale energy harvesters by optimizing nanostructure configurations and operating conditions, offering valuable insights into enhancing energy generation and structural reliability.</p>

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Nonlinear Electromechanical Modeling of Size-Dependent, Nonuniform Flexoelectric Nanoscale Harvesters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Pravesh Kumar,
  • Chandan Pandey,
  • Barun Pratiher

摘要

Background

The study investigates vibration-based micro and nanoscale energy harvesters, focusing on flexoelectric effects combined with piezoelectric mechanisms for applications in wireless networks and IoT-based miniaturized electronic systems.

Objectives

To develop a novel nonlocal, non-uniform, base-excited flexoelectric energy harvester with a proof mass and analyze its nonlinear dynamics under primary and secondary resonance conditions for optimizing energy harvesting efficiency and structural stability.

Methods

A non-classical nanobeam-like structure is modeled using extended Hamilton’s principle, with electromechanical coupling formulated through Galerkin’s principle. The study examines three nanostructure configurations—constant width with linearly varying height, linearly varying dimensions, and quadratic width variation with linearly varying height—using mathematical analysis and Multiphysics simulations.

Results

(1) Nonlocality, tapering, proof mass offset, and load resistance significantly influence voltage and power output. (2) Quadratic width profiles outperform others, enhancing voltage generation and structural response. (3) Primary and combined resonance scenarios reveal critical thresholds for optimal performance, offering insights into dynamic behavior and stability. (4) Tapered beams exhibit lower sensitivity to proof mass offset, while uniform beams demonstrate higher sensitivity.

Conclusions

This research provides a comprehensive framework for designing efficient nanoscale energy harvesters by optimizing nanostructure configurations and operating conditions, offering valuable insights into enhancing energy generation and structural reliability.