<p>Refugees in low-income countries live in precarious conditions that threaten their well-being and happiness. Moreover, their general well-being is already affected by the adverse experiences they have had before, during, and after migration. This study focuses on the happiness of refugees in Uganda who live in congested and sometimes secluded settlements. We particularly interrogate mindfulness as a resource for attaining happiness, and assertiveness and social capital as underlying mediating mechanisms. We test our assumptions using data from 406 refugees selected from two rural settlements and an urban one in Uganda. The results revealed that refugees with high levels of mindfulness possessed more social capital and reported greater happiness. Harmonious assertiveness was positively associated with happiness, while passive and manipulative assertiveness were associated with low happiness levels. Moreover, whereas harmonious assertiveness mediated the effects of mindfulness on happiness, passive and manipulative assertiveness tended to suppress these effects. Interestingly, the double mediation paths suggest that even manipulative assertiveness can help build social capital, ultimately leading to happiness. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing mindfulness, social capital, and harmonious assertiveness —commonly used to improve mental health —can also be applied to enhance happiness among refugees.</p>