<p>This study investigates the socio-economic determinants and livelihood impacts of the Covid-19, focusing on low- and middle-income communities in Bangladesh. Through a cross-sectional mixed method study and comprehensive survey of 405 respondents spanning eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh, augmented by 10 key informant interviews and 10 in-depth interviews, the study assessed the multifaceted challenges faced by these communities. The findings reveal a complex landscape of socio-economic and livelihood impacts. Age, division, place of residence, education, and income are statistically significantly associated for both socio-economic and livelihood impact. This is reflected in highly adverse consequences on younger individuals (<i>P &lt; </i>0.001) in compared to their older ones. While place of residence appears significant for livelihood impact (<i>P &lt; </i>0.001), the divisions also showed much associated with both socio-economic and livelihood impacts with highest effects in Khulna (<i>P &lt; </i>0.001). Furthermore, socio-economic (<i>P &lt; </i>0.001) and livelihood impact (P = 0.007) is prominent among low-income group, which is 93.6% and 91.8% respectively, nonetheless, it was observed lowest among the higher-middle income group, accounting for 68.8% each. Finally, education plays a vital role in shaping the vulnerability indicating the lower the education, the higher the consequences. Our concurrent qualitative findings – that corroborate the quantitative results, also reveal the heightened adverse consequences of socio-economic determinants that underscored the livelihood vulnerabilities experienced by people. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the pandemic's multifaceted impact, emphasizing the need for tailored support and interventions. The study points out the importance of addressing socio-economic determinants and livelihood impacts to foster resilience and recovery in vulnerable populations during and post pandemic.</p>