<p>This paper examines the implementation process of poverty alleviation models in Bangladesh. Applying the ‘systemic oppression’ framework developed by Drydyk, the paper demonstrates how state policies, political and administrative practices, class structure and patron-client relations undermined the success of these models. These factors were explained in relation to the agencies of different actors and how their networks limit the choice and opportunity of the poor. This paper contributes to scholarships by arguing that any initiative for poverty alleviation depends on whether it has an impact on the exploitative structure and oppression and whether the poor have a voice over the issues that affect their lives.</p>