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<p>Stiffened panels play a vital role in aerospace structures because of their high strength-to-weight efficiency and improved resistance to bending. This research introduces a novel static analysis for porous functionally graded (FGM) stiffened panels with geometric discontinuities, such as cutouts, using a refined multilayered finite element model. A key innovation of this study lies in the use of multiple discrete material layers through the plate thickness to closely approximate continuous material gradation, which significantly improves modeling fidelity over conventional single-layer FGM representations. The effective characteristics of the porous FGM are evaluated using a power law gradation approach integrated with a modified rule of mixtures, capturing the influence of both material heterogeneity and porosity. The investigation focuses on the combined effects of porosity distribution type, porosity index, gradient index, and stiffener types on the bending response. Motivated by aircraft fuselage and wing skin panels where stiffeners and cutouts coexist, this work quantifies how cutouts interact with boundary constraints and gradation/porosity descriptors to govern panel-level deflection. Unlike prior works, this study systematically evaluates different boundary conditions and quantifies how cutouts interact with material gradation and porosity to affect flexural performance. The proposed multilayered formulation offers improved accuracy in predicting the mechanical response of shear-deformable FGM structures and serves as a high-fidelity yet design-oriented tool for advanced lightweight aerospace components.</p>

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High-Fidelity Static Response of Porous Functionally Graded Stiffened Panels with Cutouts for Aerospace Structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Jaehyeong Lim,
  • Ahmed Raza,
  • Sang-Woo Kim

摘要

Stiffened panels play a vital role in aerospace structures because of their high strength-to-weight efficiency and improved resistance to bending. This research introduces a novel static analysis for porous functionally graded (FGM) stiffened panels with geometric discontinuities, such as cutouts, using a refined multilayered finite element model. A key innovation of this study lies in the use of multiple discrete material layers through the plate thickness to closely approximate continuous material gradation, which significantly improves modeling fidelity over conventional single-layer FGM representations. The effective characteristics of the porous FGM are evaluated using a power law gradation approach integrated with a modified rule of mixtures, capturing the influence of both material heterogeneity and porosity. The investigation focuses on the combined effects of porosity distribution type, porosity index, gradient index, and stiffener types on the bending response. Motivated by aircraft fuselage and wing skin panels where stiffeners and cutouts coexist, this work quantifies how cutouts interact with boundary constraints and gradation/porosity descriptors to govern panel-level deflection. Unlike prior works, this study systematically evaluates different boundary conditions and quantifies how cutouts interact with material gradation and porosity to affect flexural performance. The proposed multilayered formulation offers improved accuracy in predicting the mechanical response of shear-deformable FGM structures and serves as a high-fidelity yet design-oriented tool for advanced lightweight aerospace components.