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<p>This study combines numerical and experimental evaluations of stepped airfoils for small-scale horizontal axis wind turbines to improve efficiency through passive flow control. İt assesses aerodynamic performance, structural integrity, and power output calculations. Various stepped configurations were compared to a clean airfoil using numerical simulations to assess lift, drag, and flow characteristics at different angles of attack. The simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent. Results showed that stepped airfoils, particularly a four-step design, offered higher lift and better lift-to-drag ratios. However, structural analysis indicated increased stress at the blade root and step corners. Experimental testing with a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) model not only confirmed improved power output of 11.38% more at 4.3&#xa0;m/s and 6.55% more at 7&#xa0;m/s but also highlighted the need for design adjustments to address stress concentrations. Overall, a four-stepped airfoil enhances aerodynamic performance and power generation, though structural issues must be managed.</p>

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Performance Analysis of Small-Scale HAWTs with Stepped Airfoil Modifications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Mohamed A. Aziz,
  • Ahmed M. Elsayed,
  • Osama A. Gaheen,
  • Ahmed Hamza H. Ali,
  • Ahmed Farag,
  • Mohamed B. Farghaly

摘要

This study combines numerical and experimental evaluations of stepped airfoils for small-scale horizontal axis wind turbines to improve efficiency through passive flow control. İt assesses aerodynamic performance, structural integrity, and power output calculations. Various stepped configurations were compared to a clean airfoil using numerical simulations to assess lift, drag, and flow characteristics at different angles of attack. The simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent. Results showed that stepped airfoils, particularly a four-step design, offered higher lift and better lift-to-drag ratios. However, structural analysis indicated increased stress at the blade root and step corners. Experimental testing with a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) model not only confirmed improved power output of 11.38% more at 4.3 m/s and 6.55% more at 7 m/s but also highlighted the need for design adjustments to address stress concentrations. Overall, a four-stepped airfoil enhances aerodynamic performance and power generation, though structural issues must be managed.