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<p>System identification (SI) focuses on discovering the dynamical model of a system based on its measured interpretations. Aerodynamic SI is a key process in the accurate, reliable, and inexpensive design and modeling of an aerial platform’s development cycle. In an aircraft design cycle, starting from wind tunnel tests to flight testing, SI not only corroborates initial inaccurate parameters but also serves as an efficient and high-performing approach to formulating a stable and robust control strategy. This study features a systematic literature review (SLR) that includes a perspective analysis and implementation framework of advanced SI techniques used for aerodynamic modeling, behavior, and parameter identification, with a major focus on high-speed and agile aero-vehicles. The uniqueness of this SLR resides in encapsulating conceptual, as well as algorithmic analysis of the latest SI approaches, mainly implemented on aircraft, covering wide-ranging models, including white box, gray box, and black box, having linear or nonlinear characteristics, parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric structures, falling within time as well as frequency domains. Categorization of SI algorithms, about input optimization, experiment design, reduced-order modeling, model structure determination, parameter estimation, and optimization, has been analyzed. Practical implementation schemes have been demonstrated on various aerial platforms. Given the cross-coupled and complex dynamics of agile platforms, a combination of SI techniques incorporating iterative processes and combinational approaches (involving multiple approaches) has been employed to attain optimal results. Therefore, a wholesome view and conceptual analysis with an implementation framework of advanced SI practices have been discussed in this study. Analysis of results revealed peculiarities and specialties of SI techniques and their accuracy levels under different flight conditions. Besides developing deep insight into advanced SI algorithms with their pros and cons, this study provides a wholesome guide to approach SI problems and seeks to explore challenges in aircraft SI problems, further leading to the design of different control strategies for aerial platforms.</p>

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Advanced Practices in Aircraft System Identification: Perspective Evaluation and Practical Implementation Schemes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Muhammad Fawad Mazhar,
  • Jamil Ahmad,
  • Imran Shafi,
  • Muhammad Wasim,
  • Manzar Abbas,
  • Imran Ashraf

摘要

System identification (SI) focuses on discovering the dynamical model of a system based on its measured interpretations. Aerodynamic SI is a key process in the accurate, reliable, and inexpensive design and modeling of an aerial platform’s development cycle. In an aircraft design cycle, starting from wind tunnel tests to flight testing, SI not only corroborates initial inaccurate parameters but also serves as an efficient and high-performing approach to formulating a stable and robust control strategy. This study features a systematic literature review (SLR) that includes a perspective analysis and implementation framework of advanced SI techniques used for aerodynamic modeling, behavior, and parameter identification, with a major focus on high-speed and agile aero-vehicles. The uniqueness of this SLR resides in encapsulating conceptual, as well as algorithmic analysis of the latest SI approaches, mainly implemented on aircraft, covering wide-ranging models, including white box, gray box, and black box, having linear or nonlinear characteristics, parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric structures, falling within time as well as frequency domains. Categorization of SI algorithms, about input optimization, experiment design, reduced-order modeling, model structure determination, parameter estimation, and optimization, has been analyzed. Practical implementation schemes have been demonstrated on various aerial platforms. Given the cross-coupled and complex dynamics of agile platforms, a combination of SI techniques incorporating iterative processes and combinational approaches (involving multiple approaches) has been employed to attain optimal results. Therefore, a wholesome view and conceptual analysis with an implementation framework of advanced SI practices have been discussed in this study. Analysis of results revealed peculiarities and specialties of SI techniques and their accuracy levels under different flight conditions. Besides developing deep insight into advanced SI algorithms with their pros and cons, this study provides a wholesome guide to approach SI problems and seeks to explore challenges in aircraft SI problems, further leading to the design of different control strategies for aerial platforms.