Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of a Novel Dual-Throat Bent Nozzle

Thrust vectoring is a key technology that enables vertical takeoff and landing by controlling the direction of the thrust produced by a jet engine. A new hybrid thrust vectoring solution, the dual-throat bent nozzle (DTBN), has been introduced, and its performance is evaluated using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Both a 2D axisymmetric model and a 3D model with symmetry plane are developed with the k- \(\omega \) $\omega$ SST turbulence model. The numerical results are validated against experimental data for a dual-throat nozzle by comparing the system resultant thrust ratio \(C_{fg,sys}\) $C_{fg,sys}$ , primary nozzle discharge coefficient \(C_{d,prim}\) $C_{d,prim}$ , and upper wall pressure \(P_u\) $P_u$ . The DTBN design incorporates a transition region in the middle section, and its thrust vectoring angle is analyzed by varying the bent angle. Compared to the conventional three-bearing swivel nozzle-based duct nozzle, the DTBN demonstrates significant improvement in thrust vectoring angle and is expected to further advance hybrid thrust vectoring for vertical takeoff and landing applications.