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<p>This review article addresses theoretical, Numerical, and experimental Advancements in heat and drag reduction techniques for hypersonic re-entry vehicles focusing on SCFJ. These vehicles experience extremely high aerothermodynamic heating and drag, mitigated by shockwaves controlled through modifications to the bow and oblique shockwaves. SCFJ is the technology that consists of mechanical spikes that can reshape the shock structures with the help of a counterflow jet, which is highly active at the time of re-entry, and to disrupt shock-induced thermal loads. This article systematically covers a variety of research over the past two decades, including experimental data, theoretical models, and CFD analysis. Some of the key performance highlights are a reduction of drag exceeding 40% and Thermal flux reduction over 50%. This review highlights practical challenges in jet control integration, design constraints, and optimal configuration parameters relevant to high-speed aerospace applications. This article identifies the existing gaps between practical vehicle and theoretical innovations. This comprehensive evaluation informs aerodynamic optimisation, thermal protection strategies, and sustainable design improvements for supersonic and hypersonic flight regimes.</p>

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Optimization and comparative study of drag and heat reduction via spiked jets in hypersonic flows

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Divij Arora,
  • Sachin Srivastava,
  • Surya Prakash Gairola,
  • Gouri Rani,
  • Sneha Rawat

摘要

This review article addresses theoretical, Numerical, and experimental Advancements in heat and drag reduction techniques for hypersonic re-entry vehicles focusing on SCFJ. These vehicles experience extremely high aerothermodynamic heating and drag, mitigated by shockwaves controlled through modifications to the bow and oblique shockwaves. SCFJ is the technology that consists of mechanical spikes that can reshape the shock structures with the help of a counterflow jet, which is highly active at the time of re-entry, and to disrupt shock-induced thermal loads. This article systematically covers a variety of research over the past two decades, including experimental data, theoretical models, and CFD analysis. Some of the key performance highlights are a reduction of drag exceeding 40% and Thermal flux reduction over 50%. This review highlights practical challenges in jet control integration, design constraints, and optimal configuration parameters relevant to high-speed aerospace applications. This article identifies the existing gaps between practical vehicle and theoretical innovations. This comprehensive evaluation informs aerodynamic optimisation, thermal protection strategies, and sustainable design improvements for supersonic and hypersonic flight regimes.