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Background <p>Obesity management necessitates clinical interventions that focus beyond mere weight reduction, aiming to reduce fat mass while concurrently preserving skeletal muscle mass (SMM). This study evaluated the physiological impacts of a four-week, structured lifestyle modification program on body composition parameters in an adult cohort with obesity.</p> Methods <p>A prospective, single-center, pre-and-post observational study enrolled 1,000 participants aged 18 to 70 years with a baseline Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥ 30&#xa0;kg/m². The lifestyle intervention protocol consisted of an individualized, balanced hypocaloric diet designed to induce a ~ 500&#xa0;kcal/day energy deficit, combined with 60&#xa0;min of daily moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Body composition endpoints were captured at baseline and follow-up utilizing a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer.</p> Results <p>The cohort (86.3% female; mean age 35.6 ± 13.1 years) achieved a rapid and significant mean weight reduction of 6.44&#xa0;kg (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and a BMI decrease of 2.56&#xa0;kg/m² (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Percent body fat significantly decreased by 1.45% (<i>p</i> = 0.020), while vital SMM was effectively preserved, demonstrating a non-significant reduction of only 0.26&#xa0;kg (<i>p</i> = 0.090). Notably, males achieved greater absolute weight loss compared to females (12.3&#xa0;kg vs. 5.5&#xa0;kg). Overall, 34.8% of the participants demonstrated high intervention adherence, successfully losing &gt; 5% of their initial body weight.</p> Conclusion <p>A short-term intervention leveraging a moderate caloric deficit and daily aerobic exercise safely and rapidly improves body composition. This synergistic approach effectively partitions weight loss from adipose tissue while successfully sparing functionally critical skeletal muscle mass.</p>

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Impact of a Moderate Caloric Deficit and Aerobic Exercise On Body Composition in Obese Patients: A Large Single-arm Quasi-experimental Study Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Alaa Moyasser Sadiq

摘要

Background

Obesity management necessitates clinical interventions that focus beyond mere weight reduction, aiming to reduce fat mass while concurrently preserving skeletal muscle mass (SMM). This study evaluated the physiological impacts of a four-week, structured lifestyle modification program on body composition parameters in an adult cohort with obesity.

Methods

A prospective, single-center, pre-and-post observational study enrolled 1,000 participants aged 18 to 70 years with a baseline Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m². The lifestyle intervention protocol consisted of an individualized, balanced hypocaloric diet designed to induce a ~ 500 kcal/day energy deficit, combined with 60 min of daily moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Body composition endpoints were captured at baseline and follow-up utilizing a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer.

Results

The cohort (86.3% female; mean age 35.6 ± 13.1 years) achieved a rapid and significant mean weight reduction of 6.44 kg (p < 0.001) and a BMI decrease of 2.56 kg/m² (p < 0.001). Percent body fat significantly decreased by 1.45% (p = 0.020), while vital SMM was effectively preserved, demonstrating a non-significant reduction of only 0.26 kg (p = 0.090). Notably, males achieved greater absolute weight loss compared to females (12.3 kg vs. 5.5 kg). Overall, 34.8% of the participants demonstrated high intervention adherence, successfully losing > 5% of their initial body weight.

Conclusion

A short-term intervention leveraging a moderate caloric deficit and daily aerobic exercise safely and rapidly improves body composition. This synergistic approach effectively partitions weight loss from adipose tissue while successfully sparing functionally critical skeletal muscle mass.