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Introduction <p>Despite growing evidence linking thyroid dysfunction with alteration of lipid metabolism and liver function, there remains a relative paucity of integrated studies that assess these factors together within a single population. The present study, therefore, aims to evaluate the liver function tests and lipid profiles among euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid individuals, and thereby explore the association between thyroid hormone levels with these parameters.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study included 70 participants after considering specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and based on their serum thyroid profile, the participants were classified as euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid. Demographic characteristics were recorded, and thyroid profile, liver function parameters, and lipid profile were analyzed biochemically. Group-wise comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Pearson correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between thyroid hormones and different biochemical parameters.</p> Results <p>In the present study, the significant differences were found among the sub-groups for total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, AST, bilirubin, total protein, TSH, T3, and T4 (all FDR-adjusted q &lt; 0.05), whereas ALT and albumin did not show any significant difference. It was also found that the hypothyroid subjects exhibited higher AST, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels, along with lower HDL-C concentrations, compared with euthyroid and hyperthyroid individuals. It was also demonstrated that TSH has a strong positive correlation with AST, bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, whereas T3 showed positive correlation with HDL-C and negative correlations with AST and bilirubin (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Multivariable regression demonstrated that higher TSH levels were independently associated with AST, bilirubin, and total protein, whereas T3 was independently associated with HDL-C.</p> Conclusions <p>The results support the existence of a thyroid–liver–lipid metabolic axis, in which the thyroid hormones have systemic effects on both lipid metabolism and hepatic function, and thereby early detection of these metabolic alterations in thyroid malfunction may help in preventing complications such as cardiovascular disease and hepatic dysfunction.</p>

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Integrated Analysis of Thyroid–Liver–Lipid Axis: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Indian Population

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Rishika Koley,
  • Suchismita Mukherjee,
  • Sultana Khatun,
  • Sujay Murmu,
  • Asim Kumar Basak

摘要

Introduction

Despite growing evidence linking thyroid dysfunction with alteration of lipid metabolism and liver function, there remains a relative paucity of integrated studies that assess these factors together within a single population. The present study, therefore, aims to evaluate the liver function tests and lipid profiles among euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid individuals, and thereby explore the association between thyroid hormone levels with these parameters.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 70 participants after considering specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and based on their serum thyroid profile, the participants were classified as euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid. Demographic characteristics were recorded, and thyroid profile, liver function parameters, and lipid profile were analyzed biochemically. Group-wise comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Pearson correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between thyroid hormones and different biochemical parameters.

Results

In the present study, the significant differences were found among the sub-groups for total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, AST, bilirubin, total protein, TSH, T3, and T4 (all FDR-adjusted q < 0.05), whereas ALT and albumin did not show any significant difference. It was also found that the hypothyroid subjects exhibited higher AST, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels, along with lower HDL-C concentrations, compared with euthyroid and hyperthyroid individuals. It was also demonstrated that TSH has a strong positive correlation with AST, bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, whereas T3 showed positive correlation with HDL-C and negative correlations with AST and bilirubin (all p < 0.001). Multivariable regression demonstrated that higher TSH levels were independently associated with AST, bilirubin, and total protein, whereas T3 was independently associated with HDL-C.

Conclusions

The results support the existence of a thyroid–liver–lipid metabolic axis, in which the thyroid hormones have systemic effects on both lipid metabolism and hepatic function, and thereby early detection of these metabolic alterations in thyroid malfunction may help in preventing complications such as cardiovascular disease and hepatic dysfunction.