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Objective <p>This study investigates serum levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15), myonectin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to healthy controls and explores their associations with metabolic parameters.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional case-control study included 58 women with PCOS and 30 age-and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls. Anthropometric, clinical, reproductive, hormonal and biochemical assessments were conducted, including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting glucose, insulin, and hormonal parameters. Serum IL-15, myonectin, and BDNF levels were measured using ELISA. Correlation analyses, exploratory subgroup comparisons, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to assess the exploratory discriminatory potential of IL-15 and its associations with metabolic parameters.</p> Results <p>Women with PCOS had significantly lower IL-15 levels than controls (<i>p</i> = 0.027). Myonectin and BDNF levels did not differ significantly between groups. IL-15 negatively correlated with WHR (<i>p</i> = 0.044) and glucose levels at 60 and 120&#xa0;min post-OGTT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Exploratory ROC analysis showed modest discrimination between PCOS and controls, with an AUC of 0.644 (95% CI: 0.526–0.762).</p> Conclusion <p>Circulating IL-15 levels were reduced in women with PCOS and were associated with adverse metabolic features, particularly indices reflecting visceral adiposity and dynamic glucose-insulin responses. These findings suggest that IL-15 may be an exploratory marker linked to metabolic dysregulation in PCOS.</p>

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Myokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as Exploratory Markers of Metabolic Dysregulation: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Plamena Kabakchieva,
  • Antoaneta Gateva,
  • Yavor Assyov,
  • Tsvetelina Velikova,
  • Zdravko Kamenov,
  • Tsvetoslav Georgiev

摘要

Objective

This study investigates serum levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15), myonectin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to healthy controls and explores their associations with metabolic parameters.

Methods

This cross-sectional case-control study included 58 women with PCOS and 30 age-and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls. Anthropometric, clinical, reproductive, hormonal and biochemical assessments were conducted, including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting glucose, insulin, and hormonal parameters. Serum IL-15, myonectin, and BDNF levels were measured using ELISA. Correlation analyses, exploratory subgroup comparisons, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to assess the exploratory discriminatory potential of IL-15 and its associations with metabolic parameters.

Results

Women with PCOS had significantly lower IL-15 levels than controls (p = 0.027). Myonectin and BDNF levels did not differ significantly between groups. IL-15 negatively correlated with WHR (p = 0.044) and glucose levels at 60 and 120 min post-OGTT (p < 0.001, p = 0.004). Exploratory ROC analysis showed modest discrimination between PCOS and controls, with an AUC of 0.644 (95% CI: 0.526–0.762).

Conclusion

Circulating IL-15 levels were reduced in women with PCOS and were associated with adverse metabolic features, particularly indices reflecting visceral adiposity and dynamic glucose-insulin responses. These findings suggest that IL-15 may be an exploratory marker linked to metabolic dysregulation in PCOS.