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Background <p>Thyroid hormones influence cardiovascular homeostasis through effects on metabolism, vascular tone, and inflammatory signaling. Growing evidence suggests that thyroid hormone dysregulation contributes to coronary artery disease (CAD), yet the combined role of thyroid dysfunction and inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) remains inadequately characterized, particularly in the Indian population.</p> Methods <p>This case–control study included 70 angiographically confirmed CAD patients and 70 age-matched healthy controls aged 18–50 years. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and TNF-α levels were measured using standardized immunoassays. Statistical analysis included independent t-test, chi-square test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and multivariate binary logistic regression.</p> Results <p>CAD patients showed significantly lower T3 and T4 levels and markedly higher TSH levels compared with controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in CAD cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for TNF-α (AUC = 0.841) and TSH (AUC = 0.748). Multivariate analysis showed that elevated TSH and TNF-α were significantly associated with CAD after adjustment for selected variables.</p> Conclusion <p>Thyroid hormone dysregulation and elevated TNF-α are significantly associated with coronary artery disease. These findings highlight a potential link between endocrine and inflammatory pathways in CAD; however, further prospective studies are required to establish clinical applicability.</p>

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Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and TNF-α with Coronary Artery Disease: a Case-Control Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Reshma Gopan. M,
  • Deepika Chandrasekaran,
  • Dinesh Roy D.,
  • Natarajan Muninathan,
  • S. Mahila,
  • Radhika P. R.

摘要

Background

Thyroid hormones influence cardiovascular homeostasis through effects on metabolism, vascular tone, and inflammatory signaling. Growing evidence suggests that thyroid hormone dysregulation contributes to coronary artery disease (CAD), yet the combined role of thyroid dysfunction and inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) remains inadequately characterized, particularly in the Indian population.

Methods

This case–control study included 70 angiographically confirmed CAD patients and 70 age-matched healthy controls aged 18–50 years. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and TNF-α levels were measured using standardized immunoassays. Statistical analysis included independent t-test, chi-square test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and multivariate binary logistic regression.

Results

CAD patients showed significantly lower T3 and T4 levels and markedly higher TSH levels compared with controls (p < 0.001). TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in CAD cases (p < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for TNF-α (AUC = 0.841) and TSH (AUC = 0.748). Multivariate analysis showed that elevated TSH and TNF-α were significantly associated with CAD after adjustment for selected variables.

Conclusion

Thyroid hormone dysregulation and elevated TNF-α are significantly associated with coronary artery disease. These findings highlight a potential link between endocrine and inflammatory pathways in CAD; however, further prospective studies are required to establish clinical applicability.