Background <p>Micro/nanomotors and biohybrid microrobots (MNBMs) are new, smart platforms that are better than passive drug delivery systems in cancer treatment.</p> Objective <p>This review assesses the design, classification, and therapeutic potential of MNBMs, focusing on their mechanistic roles in targeted cancer therapy.</p> Methods <p>Recent preclinical studies were systematically examined, encompassing synthetic nanomotors (catalytic, magnetic, light-driven, ultrasound-powered) and biohybrid microrobots (bacteria-driven, sperm-hybrid, and cell membrane-coated systems). Key functional attributes, such as propulsion, targeting, and modulation of the tumour microenvironment, were rigorously evaluated.</p> Results <p>MNBMs demonstrate enhanced tumour infiltration, regulated drug delivery, and improved therapeutic effectiveness in models of breast, liver, pancreatic, and cervical cancers. They effectively tackle multidrug resistance and facilitate multimodal theranostics while reducing systemic toxicity and dosage. Their adaptive design also makes it possible to make things in an environmentally friendly way.</p> Conclusion <p>MNBMs have a lot of potential as next-generation precision oncology tools. Nonetheless, issues like fuel toxicity, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, and scalability need to be fixed. Improvements in fuel-free propulsion, wireless navigation, and the use of immunotherapy and artificial intelligence together are expected to make it easier to move from research to clinical use.</p>