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Background <p>Sleep disorders are known to be common in children with ADHD but evidence as to prevalence and patterns of sleep dysregulation in adults with ADHD requires further exploration.</p> Aims <p>To assess sleep quality, the prevalence of co-occurring sleep disorder, and the impact of psychiatric comorbidities on sleep in adults with ADHD.</p> Methods <p>Prospective observational case-control study. Participants were consecutive patients attending a specialist adult ADHD clinic in Ireland. ADHD diagnosis was established through standardized clinical evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and sleep disorders were screened using the Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist-17 (SDS-CL-17), which assesses symptoms of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), circadian rhythm disorders, narcolepsy, and parasomnias.</p> Results <p>The ADHD group (<i>n</i> = 148; mean age = 30.67, SD = 10; 58.1% female) was compared to demographically matched controls (<i>n</i> = 43; mean age = 33.26, SD = 8.51; 53.5% female). Adults with ADHD reported poorer sleep quality and higher prevalence of most screened sleep disorders. Narcolepsy was overdiagnosed by the SDS-CL-17 in both groups. The combined ADHD subtype showed higher rates of insomnia, RLS, and parasomnias than the inattentive subtype. Regression analysis indicated poorer sleep quality was associated with combined-type ADHD, anxiety, eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.</p> Conclusions <p>Sleep disorder symptoms are highly prevalent among adults with ADHD, particularly those with the combined subtype. Routine sleep screening may enhance diagnostic precision and inform targeted treatment strategies.</p>

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Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): The Impact of Comorbidity and ADHD Subtype

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Dimitrios Adamis,
  • Jake Tiernan,
  • Iulian Coada,
  • Jasmin Singh,
  • Natasha Langan,
  • Blánaid Gavin,
  • Fiona McNicholas

摘要

Background

Sleep disorders are known to be common in children with ADHD but evidence as to prevalence and patterns of sleep dysregulation in adults with ADHD requires further exploration.

Aims

To assess sleep quality, the prevalence of co-occurring sleep disorder, and the impact of psychiatric comorbidities on sleep in adults with ADHD.

Methods

Prospective observational case-control study. Participants were consecutive patients attending a specialist adult ADHD clinic in Ireland. ADHD diagnosis was established through standardized clinical evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and sleep disorders were screened using the Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist-17 (SDS-CL-17), which assesses symptoms of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), circadian rhythm disorders, narcolepsy, and parasomnias.

Results

The ADHD group (n = 148; mean age = 30.67, SD = 10; 58.1% female) was compared to demographically matched controls (n = 43; mean age = 33.26, SD = 8.51; 53.5% female). Adults with ADHD reported poorer sleep quality and higher prevalence of most screened sleep disorders. Narcolepsy was overdiagnosed by the SDS-CL-17 in both groups. The combined ADHD subtype showed higher rates of insomnia, RLS, and parasomnias than the inattentive subtype. Regression analysis indicated poorer sleep quality was associated with combined-type ADHD, anxiety, eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Conclusions

Sleep disorder symptoms are highly prevalent among adults with ADHD, particularly those with the combined subtype. Routine sleep screening may enhance diagnostic precision and inform targeted treatment strategies.