<p>Pneumoconiosis is a chronic lung disease caused by the prolonged inhalation of mineral dust, severely affecting patients’ quality of life and survival rates. In recent years, lung transplantation has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for this debilitating condition, drawing increasing attention within the medical community. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical context, current status, and future directions of lung transplantation for pneumoconiosis. It explores the criteria for patient selection, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and areas for future research. Through an analysis of the relevant literature, we summarize the clinical outcomes associated with lung transplantation in patients with pneumoconiosis and the challenges that remain, offering valuable insights for clinical practice.</p>