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Purpose <p>To compare serum vitamin D levels between pterygium (PTG) patients and healthy controls, given vitamin D’s immunomodulatory properties and the ultraviolet-mediated pathogenesis of PTG through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p> Methods <p>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to July 25, 2025. All observational studies measuring vitamin D levels in patients with PTG were included. The mean difference (MD) analysis was calculated using a random-effects model to assess the differences in vitamin D levels between patients with PTG and healthy controls.</p> Results <p>Eight relevant studies with 2814 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The findings were inconsistent, with three studies reporting significantly higher vitamin D levels in PTG patients compared to healthy controls, three studies finding no association, and two studies indicating a significant deficiency in PTG patients. The results of the meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in mean serum vitamin D levels between PTG patients and healthy controls (MD =  − 0.81, 95% CI − 3.48 to 1.85, <i>p</i> = 0.55). The meta-regression analysis revealed significant associations between vitamin D levels and age in patients with PTG.</p> Conclusion <p>Current evidence does not support a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between patients with PTG and healthy controls. However, the analysis was limited by substantial heterogeneity.</p>

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Patients with Pterygium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Elaheh Foroughi,
  • Alireza Peyman,
  • Farnaz Fatemi,
  • Kimia Daneshvar,
  • Sara Kamali Zonouzi,
  • Samira Chaibakhsh,
  • Mohsen Pourazizi

摘要

Purpose

To compare serum vitamin D levels between pterygium (PTG) patients and healthy controls, given vitamin D’s immunomodulatory properties and the ultraviolet-mediated pathogenesis of PTG through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to July 25, 2025. All observational studies measuring vitamin D levels in patients with PTG were included. The mean difference (MD) analysis was calculated using a random-effects model to assess the differences in vitamin D levels between patients with PTG and healthy controls.

Results

Eight relevant studies with 2814 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The findings were inconsistent, with three studies reporting significantly higher vitamin D levels in PTG patients compared to healthy controls, three studies finding no association, and two studies indicating a significant deficiency in PTG patients. The results of the meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in mean serum vitamin D levels between PTG patients and healthy controls (MD =  − 0.81, 95% CI − 3.48 to 1.85, p = 0.55). The meta-regression analysis revealed significant associations between vitamin D levels and age in patients with PTG.

Conclusion

Current evidence does not support a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between patients with PTG and healthy controls. However, the analysis was limited by substantial heterogeneity.