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Introduction <p>Atrial myxomas are rare, primary, benign cardiac tumors commonly located in the wall of the left atrium. However, they can also be found in other locations of the heart, such as the right atrium, ventricles, and heart valves. The clinical presentation varies and mimics many other disease conditions; hence, a high index of suspicion is required for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention to achieve optimum outcomes. This Systematic review provides insight into the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of cardiac myxomas in Africa.</p> Methodology <p>We reviewed twenty-six (26) cases of atrial myxomas across African countries. Predefined inclusion criteria were employed in the study assessment, and selection and exclusion criteria included studies conducted outside Africa and those with insufficient clinical data. The gathered data were synthesized using descriptive analysis, and findings were presented systematically.</p> Result <p>The occurrence of reported cases of cardiac myxoma was highest in Nigeria, accounting for 10 (38.5%) out of the 26 studies, followed by the DRC (11.2%). Tunisia and Morocco together accounted for 2 cases (7.7%) each, with the remaining countries included recording 1 case (3.8%) each. The median age of affected patients was 35.5&#xa0;years, and the majority were male (57.7%). The left atrium was the most common tumor site (80.8%), and the ventricles were the least (7.7%). Clinical presentation was diverse, with the majority of patients presenting with dyspnea (84.6%). Echocardiogram remained the most prevalent diagnostic tool (92.3%). One (3.8%) case required a cardiac MRI for diagnosis. Fifty-six percent of patients underwent surgical excision, with good post-operative outcomes at the time of follow-up (50.5 ± 84.5&#xa0;months), and 34.6% were managed conservatively. Reported postoperative complications included heart failure and arrhythmia.</p> Conclusion <p>Even though cases of cardiac myxomas are under-reported in Africa, timely diagnosis and surgical management of reported cases resulted in excellent outcomes with minimal post-operative complications. Hence, there is a need for extensive restructuring and prioritization within the African health system to achieve optimal results.</p>

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Cardiac Myxoma in Africa: A Systematic Review of Cases and Outcomes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Ikponmwosa Jude Ogieuhi,
  • Chidera Stanley Anthony,
  • Victor Oluwatomiwa Ajekiigbe,
  • Kaleb Fetene Lema,
  • Olumide Damilola Akinmoju,
  • Oseremen Victory Okpujie,
  • Olufemi Solomon Akinmeji,
  • Chinonyelum Emmanuel Agbo,
  • Christopher Abiodun Adegbesan,
  • Esther Bajo Tetteh,
  • Opeyemi Paul Tobalesi,
  • Victor Ekong

摘要

Introduction

Atrial myxomas are rare, primary, benign cardiac tumors commonly located in the wall of the left atrium. However, they can also be found in other locations of the heart, such as the right atrium, ventricles, and heart valves. The clinical presentation varies and mimics many other disease conditions; hence, a high index of suspicion is required for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention to achieve optimum outcomes. This Systematic review provides insight into the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of cardiac myxomas in Africa.

Methodology

We reviewed twenty-six (26) cases of atrial myxomas across African countries. Predefined inclusion criteria were employed in the study assessment, and selection and exclusion criteria included studies conducted outside Africa and those with insufficient clinical data. The gathered data were synthesized using descriptive analysis, and findings were presented systematically.

Result

The occurrence of reported cases of cardiac myxoma was highest in Nigeria, accounting for 10 (38.5%) out of the 26 studies, followed by the DRC (11.2%). Tunisia and Morocco together accounted for 2 cases (7.7%) each, with the remaining countries included recording 1 case (3.8%) each. The median age of affected patients was 35.5 years, and the majority were male (57.7%). The left atrium was the most common tumor site (80.8%), and the ventricles were the least (7.7%). Clinical presentation was diverse, with the majority of patients presenting with dyspnea (84.6%). Echocardiogram remained the most prevalent diagnostic tool (92.3%). One (3.8%) case required a cardiac MRI for diagnosis. Fifty-six percent of patients underwent surgical excision, with good post-operative outcomes at the time of follow-up (50.5 ± 84.5 months), and 34.6% were managed conservatively. Reported postoperative complications included heart failure and arrhythmia.

Conclusion

Even though cases of cardiac myxomas are under-reported in Africa, timely diagnosis and surgical management of reported cases resulted in excellent outcomes with minimal post-operative complications. Hence, there is a need for extensive restructuring and prioritization within the African health system to achieve optimal results.