Inferior Mesenteric Vein Pylephlebitis as a Rare Complication of a Previous Diverticulitis: A Case Report

Pylephlebitis is defined as a septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein system that may appear as a complication of an intraabdominal or pelvic infection. It is an uncommon condition with non-specific symptoms and high mortality, requiring high level of suspicion and prompt diagnosis and treatment. We present the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with a pylephlebitis of diverticular origin, although there were no signs of diverticulitis. Prompt treatment with intravenous antibiotics and anticoagulation was provided, presenting a good evolution. Broad spectrum antibiotics covering gram-negatives and anaerobes should be started promptly, and although there is controversy regarding the role of anticoagulation, it seems safe and may improve outcomes.