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<p>Arsenic contamination in water and soil poses severe global threats to environmental sustainability and human health, necessitating cost-effective and eco-friendly remediation strategies. This systematic review evaluates biochar, as a sustainable solution for arsenic removal. Through an analysis of 31 peer-reviewed studies (2014–2025) from Scopus and PubMed, the review synthesizes biochar’s efficacy, mechanisms, and influencing factors across aqueous and terrestrial systems. Modified biochars, particularly those enriched with iron, manganese, or nitrogen, demonstrated superior arsenic adsorption capacities, outperforming pristine variants. Key mechanisms include electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, redox transformations, and precipitation, with modifications enhancing reactive sites and stability. In water, engineered composites like silica-based magnetic biochar achieved rapid removal, while soil applications emphasized immobilization via pH modulation and microbial interactions. Biochar’s dual role in waste valorization and carbon sequestration aligns with the principles of the circular economy, offering co-benefits such as improved soil fertility. However, challenges persist in scalability, field applicability, and potential secondary risks from heavy metal leaching. Future research should prioritize long-term field trials, lifecycle assessments of modified biochars, and integration with phytoremediation or microbial consortia. This review underscores biochar’s potential as a versatile, low-cost tool for arsenic mitigation, advocating for standardized protocols and policy frameworks to support its adoption in resource-limited settings.</p>

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Biochar: a green approach for arsenic removal from polluted water and soil, a systematic review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Mohammad Mehdizadeh,
  • Anahita Omidi,
  • Olawale Theophilus Ogunwumi,
  • Simon Rop,
  • Jeremiah Odhek Masime

摘要

Arsenic contamination in water and soil poses severe global threats to environmental sustainability and human health, necessitating cost-effective and eco-friendly remediation strategies. This systematic review evaluates biochar, as a sustainable solution for arsenic removal. Through an analysis of 31 peer-reviewed studies (2014–2025) from Scopus and PubMed, the review synthesizes biochar’s efficacy, mechanisms, and influencing factors across aqueous and terrestrial systems. Modified biochars, particularly those enriched with iron, manganese, or nitrogen, demonstrated superior arsenic adsorption capacities, outperforming pristine variants. Key mechanisms include electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, redox transformations, and precipitation, with modifications enhancing reactive sites and stability. In water, engineered composites like silica-based magnetic biochar achieved rapid removal, while soil applications emphasized immobilization via pH modulation and microbial interactions. Biochar’s dual role in waste valorization and carbon sequestration aligns with the principles of the circular economy, offering co-benefits such as improved soil fertility. However, challenges persist in scalability, field applicability, and potential secondary risks from heavy metal leaching. Future research should prioritize long-term field trials, lifecycle assessments of modified biochars, and integration with phytoremediation or microbial consortia. This review underscores biochar’s potential as a versatile, low-cost tool for arsenic mitigation, advocating for standardized protocols and policy frameworks to support its adoption in resource-limited settings.