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<p>Identification of a sustainable land use system (LUS) in the Eastern Himalaya is crucial to mitigate the effects of climate change and its high vulnerability for soil erosion-induced land degradation. Present study investigates the variability in the soil properties under cinchona, horticulture and forest LUSs to identify the most sustainable option. Soils were sampled from each LUS at two depth intervals: 0–15&#xa0;cm and 15–30&#xa0;cm. Organic carbon (C) pools, microbial counts, enzymatic activities and various C indices in soils were estimated following the standard protocol for each LUSs. Labile C fractions and total organic C were the highest in forest soil, followed by cinchona and horticulture, while the passive C pool showed the reverse trend. At the surface layer, the total bacterial count, soil microbial biomass C and N were higher in the forest soils, whereas total fungal and actinomycetes counts were higher in horticulture and cinchona. The lability index, C pool index, C management index and instability index were higher in forest followed by cinchona ansd horticulture. The biplot analysis showed a more uniform distribution of labile and non-labile C fractions in cinchona. Overall, properties of cinchona soils were positioned between forest and horticulture soils with respect to enzymatic activity, C fractions and C indices. This indicates that cinchona is a promising and relatively sustainable LUS, reflected by a balanced soil C status, which helps maintain soil quality and enhances C sequestration and nutrient availability in the soils of Eastern Himalayas of India.</p>

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Is cinchona (Cinchona sp.) a sustainable land use practice in the Eastern Himalayas of India? A comparative study with other land uses in relation to soil properties and carbon indices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • S. K. Reza,
  • Ruma Das,
  • K. M. Hati,
  • S. Chattaraj,
  • A. Daripa,
  • Sreyasi Talukdar,
  • F. H. Rahman,
  • S. K. Ray

摘要

Identification of a sustainable land use system (LUS) in the Eastern Himalaya is crucial to mitigate the effects of climate change and its high vulnerability for soil erosion-induced land degradation. Present study investigates the variability in the soil properties under cinchona, horticulture and forest LUSs to identify the most sustainable option. Soils were sampled from each LUS at two depth intervals: 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. Organic carbon (C) pools, microbial counts, enzymatic activities and various C indices in soils were estimated following the standard protocol for each LUSs. Labile C fractions and total organic C were the highest in forest soil, followed by cinchona and horticulture, while the passive C pool showed the reverse trend. At the surface layer, the total bacterial count, soil microbial biomass C and N were higher in the forest soils, whereas total fungal and actinomycetes counts were higher in horticulture and cinchona. The lability index, C pool index, C management index and instability index were higher in forest followed by cinchona ansd horticulture. The biplot analysis showed a more uniform distribution of labile and non-labile C fractions in cinchona. Overall, properties of cinchona soils were positioned between forest and horticulture soils with respect to enzymatic activity, C fractions and C indices. This indicates that cinchona is a promising and relatively sustainable LUS, reflected by a balanced soil C status, which helps maintain soil quality and enhances C sequestration and nutrient availability in the soils of Eastern Himalayas of India.