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<p>The presence of phenolic compounds in industrial effluents at high concentrations poses a substantial hazard to ecosystems due to their high toxicity levels. The biodegradation of phenol using oleaginous microorganisms has attracted significant attention in scientific research due to its potential to mitigate these environmental effects. In this study, <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> PD630 (an oleaginous bacteria) and <i>Rhodosporidium toruloides</i> 9564<sup>T</sup> (an oleaginous yeast) were used to degrade phenol (0.1–1&#xa0;g/L) in a minimal salt medium with simultaneous production of lipids. Both microorganisms were found to be capable of degrading phenol at a concentration of 0.7&#xa0;g/L. <i>R. toruloides</i> 9564<sup>T</sup> could completely degrade phenol at 72&#xa0;h, while <i>R. opacus</i> PD630 could completely degrade it at 120&#xa0;h. Using eight models (Haldane, Yano, Aiba, Webb, Luong, Andrew, Moser, and Edward), the growth and phenol degradation kinetics were studied to assess the degradation capacity of oleaginous microorganisms. The Yano model, which exhibits the best fit (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9) in both microbes, confirms that the substrate inhibition or utilization by both microbes during the growth profile follows the Yano model. The kinetic parameters for <i>R.toruloides</i> 9564<sup>T</sup> were µ<sub>max</sub> (168.84&#xa0;h<sup>− 1</sup>), K<sub>s</sub> (785.69&#xa0;mg/L), K<sub>I</sub> (0.0015&#xa0;mg/L), and K (0.0004&#xa0;mg/L). Similarly, <i>R. opacus</i> PD630 had µ<sub>max</sub> (22.37&#xa0;h<sup>− 1</sup>), K<sub>s</sub> (36.88&#xa0;mg/L), K<sub>I</sub> (0.001&#xa0;mg/L), and K (7147.61&#xa0;mg/L). Among the eight fitted models, the Moser model exhibited the best performance, with R² values of 0.964 for <i>R. toruloides</i> 9564<sup>T</sup> and 0.925 for <i>R. opacus</i> PD630. The highest biomass and lipid production from <i>R. toruloides</i> 9564<sup>T</sup> and <i>R. opacus</i> PD630 were 5.01&#xa0;g/L (33.14%) and 1.815&#xa0;g/L (23.94%), respectively. Consequently, the results suggest that both oleaginous microbes follow the same kinetic models for phenol degradation. As a result, these oleaginous microorganisms degrade phenol while simultaneously retaining their oleaginous nature by producing more than 20% triacylglycerols (TAG).</p>

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Comparative study on phenol degradation kinetics and lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloids and Rhodococcus opacus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Abhishek Samantaray,
  • Deepshikha Bhowmik,
  • Kanha Barik,
  • Satipali Sibashish,
  • Sangeeta Singh,
  • Divyani Kumari,
  • Achlesh Daverey,
  • Kasturi Dutta

摘要

The presence of phenolic compounds in industrial effluents at high concentrations poses a substantial hazard to ecosystems due to their high toxicity levels. The biodegradation of phenol using oleaginous microorganisms has attracted significant attention in scientific research due to its potential to mitigate these environmental effects. In this study, Rhodococcus opacus PD630 (an oleaginous bacteria) and Rhodosporidium toruloides 9564T (an oleaginous yeast) were used to degrade phenol (0.1–1 g/L) in a minimal salt medium with simultaneous production of lipids. Both microorganisms were found to be capable of degrading phenol at a concentration of 0.7 g/L. R. toruloides 9564T could completely degrade phenol at 72 h, while R. opacus PD630 could completely degrade it at 120 h. Using eight models (Haldane, Yano, Aiba, Webb, Luong, Andrew, Moser, and Edward), the growth and phenol degradation kinetics were studied to assess the degradation capacity of oleaginous microorganisms. The Yano model, which exhibits the best fit (R2 = 0.9) in both microbes, confirms that the substrate inhibition or utilization by both microbes during the growth profile follows the Yano model. The kinetic parameters for R.toruloides 9564T were µmax (168.84 h− 1), Ks (785.69 mg/L), KI (0.0015 mg/L), and K (0.0004 mg/L). Similarly, R. opacus PD630 had µmax (22.37 h− 1), Ks (36.88 mg/L), KI (0.001 mg/L), and K (7147.61 mg/L). Among the eight fitted models, the Moser model exhibited the best performance, with R² values of 0.964 for R. toruloides 9564T and 0.925 for R. opacus PD630. The highest biomass and lipid production from R. toruloides 9564T and R. opacus PD630 were 5.01 g/L (33.14%) and 1.815 g/L (23.94%), respectively. Consequently, the results suggest that both oleaginous microbes follow the same kinetic models for phenol degradation. As a result, these oleaginous microorganisms degrade phenol while simultaneously retaining their oleaginous nature by producing more than 20% triacylglycerols (TAG).